چرا زبالههایمان را در محیط زیست رها میکنیم؟
خشمی که با ریختن زباله رها میشود!
فاطمه تنانی
رها کردن زباله در محیط زیست یک معضل اجتماعی محسوب میشود و متاسفانه این کار به مرور زمان تبدیل به عادت شده طوری که حتی عدهای که مدعی حفظ محیط زیست هستند زبالههای «تر» خود را در محیط زیست رها میکنند با این استدلال که حیوانات از آنها تغذیه میکنند یا این زبالهها به طبیعت بازمیگردد! فارغ از اینکه چنین استدلالاتی میتواند تا چه اندازه محیطزیست را با خطرات گوناگونی روبهرو کند، باید توجه داشت که طبیعت یا فضای شهری آلوده به زباله بر روان افراد تأثیراتی منفی و مخرب به همراه خواهد داشت. پرسش اینجاست که با وجود تلاش برای فرهنگسازی در این زمینه چرا همچنان برخی افراد اصرار به ریختن زباله در فضای شهری یا طبیعت دارند؟ آیا این رفتار نشأت گرفته از ویژگیهای روانی و رفتاری آنها است؟ برای بررسی چنین رفتاری به گفتوگو با یک روانشناس پرداختیم.
زمانی که شهروندان تعریف درستی از فرهنگ در ذهن خود ندارند جامعه با مشکلات زیادی روبهرو میشود که یکی از عوارض آن ریختن زباله در سطح شهر و طبیعت است
به گزارش روزنامه «صبح امروز» سمانه طاهرینیا در پاسخ به این پرسش که «آیا ریختن زباله توسط برخی از افراد به شخصیت روانی آنها و خشم سرکوبشدهشان بستگی دارد» اظهار میکند: هر شهروند به عنوان عضوی از جامعه، وظایفی نسبت به شهر خود و دیگر شهروندان دارد که این وظیفه، فرهنگ محسوب میشود. زمانی که شهروندان تعریف درستی از فرهنگ در ذهن خود ندارند جامعه با مشکلات زیادی روبهرو میشود که یکی از عوارض آن ریختن زباله در سطح شهر و طبیعت است. چنین افرادی آگاهی کامل و روشنی از پیامدهای این کار ندارند و الگوی آنها در کودکی پدر و مادری بودند که زبالههای خود را به راحتی در خیابان رها میکردند؛ بنابراین این عمل از کودکی در ذهن آنها نهادینه شده است. باید به این نکته نیز توجه داشت که چنین رفتاری ناشی از نداشتن الگویی مناسب برای کسب آموزش است.
در کشورهای جهان سوم این مسأله بیشتر بروز پیدا کرده و زباله ریختن یکی از معضلهای اجتماعی است که افراد با این کار اعتراض و خشم خود را نسبت به یکسری از مسائل نشان میدهند
وی با بیان اینکه «آموزش و فرهنگسازی در مدارس و سطح شهر نسبت به گذشته روندی بهتر داشته است» تشریح میکند: خوشبختانه آموزش کودکان در مدارس نسبت به گذشته خیلی بهتر شده به طوریکه در کتابهای مقطع پیشدبستانی و مهدکودک با شکلهای جذابی حفظ محیط زیست و احترام به آن به کودکان آموزش داده میشود. شهرداری نیز با زیباسازی شهر و نصب تابلوهای آموزشی باعث بهبود فرهنگسازی در این رابطه شده، اما باید توجه داشت که این اقدامات کافی نبوده و نیازمند وقت و آموزش بیشتری است .
خشم و نیازهای سرکوبشده؛ عاملی برای گرایش افراد به ریختن زباله
طاهرینیا با اشاره به زمینه روانی رها کردن زباله توضیح میدهد: در رابطه با زباله ریختن در محیط زیست، علل روانی هم باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد زمینههایی چون خشم و پرخاشگری در افراد و نیازهای سرکوب شده آنها در گرایششان به ریختن زباله تأثیرگذار است. در کشورهای جهان سوم این مسأله بیشتر بروز پیدا کرده و زباله ریختن یکی از معضلهای اجتماعی است که افراد با این کار اعتراض و خشم خود را نسبت به یکسری از مسائل نشان میدهند.
اگر بر اساس شخصیت روانی افراد و خشم نهفته در آنها به این موضوع نگاه کنیم باید اذعان کرد که نسل آینده نخواهند توانست محیط زیست خود را حفظ کنند و این بعد روانی در همه رفتار آنها تاثیرگذار خواهد بود
این روانشناس معتقد است که خشمهای فروخورده یا نیازهای اولیه افراد که نیاز به جنگیدن نداشته و در صورت برآورده نشدن، یک خشم کاملاً ناخودآگاه را ایجاد میکند؛ بنابراین چنین خشمی به شکلهای مختلف در رفتارشان بروز میکند، مثل رعایت نکردن نظم، ماسک نزدن و ریختن زباله که همه اینها مشابه یکدیگر هستند و ناشی از خشم سرکوب شدهای است که ممکن است برای هر کسی در هر شرایطی اتفاق بیفتد.
عدم مسئولیتپذیری نسل آینده نسبت به محیطزیست در صورت نهادینه نشدن فرهنگ
طاهرینیا در پاسخ به این پرسش که «آیا حفاظت از محیط زیست در آینده با وجود نسل جوان بهتر میشود یا خیر» بیان میکند: اگر برای نهادینه شدن فرهنگ در جامعه تلاش شود، مثل فرهنگسازی که شهرداری انجام میدهد یا آموزش به کودکان در کتابهای درسیشان میتوان امیدوار بود که نسل آینده نسبت به محیط زیست خود مسئولیتپذیرتر از نسل امروز باشد، اما اگر بر اساس شخصیت روانی افراد و خشم نهفته در آنها به این موضوع نگاه کنیم باید اذعان کرد که نسل آینده نخواهند توانست محیط زیست خود را حفظ کنند و این بعد روانی در همه رفتار آنها تاثیرگذار خواهد بود.
وضع قوانین؛ عاملی بازدارنده برای ریختن زباله
وی برای برونرفت از این وضعیت تشریح میکند: به نظر من بهبود این وضعیت و راهکار تأثیرگذار برای جامعه خیلی پرهزینه و دشوار و رسیدن به آن ناممکن خواهد بود؛ چراکه کنترل خشم، اضطراب و رفع نیاز افراد بسیار دشوار است. بنابراین بهترین راهکار در شرایط کنونی جامعه برای برونرفت از این شرایط، وضع قوانین است؛ چراکه چهارچوب قوانین سختتر شاید بتواند میزان آسیبرساندن افراد به محیطزیست را کاهش دهد همانند زمانی که استفاده از کمربند ایمنی در خودرو الزامی شد؛ بنابراین میتواند تا حدودی مانعی برای ریختن زباله در محیط زیست شود.
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