دوباره ایران! دوباره مردم!
از منظر اندیشمندان سیاسی، یکی از عناصر مهم دموکراسی و مردم سالاری، فعالیت و کنش آگاهانه و آزاد شهروندان است. چنانچه زمینه حضور و فعالیت مردم در فرایندهای سیاسی نادیده گرفته شده و یا کم بها تلقی شود هرگز نمیتوان از حکومت مردم بر مردم سخنی به میان آورد. دموکراسی وقتی معنا پیدا میکند که قابلیت و امکان بهکارگیری شهروندان جامعه به مثابه افرادی فعال در حوزه اجتماعی و سیاستگذاری وجود داشته باشد. مادامی که بتوان شهروندان یک جامعه را به شکلی مداوم در مناسبات سیاسی، همراه و فعال نگاه داشت میتوان رسیدن به مرحلهای از توسعه سیاسی را در آن جامعه انتظار داشت.
کنش آگاهانه شهروندان به نوبه خود با مفهوم «سرمایه اجتماعی» ارتباط دارد. به تعبیر فوکویاما سرمایه اجتماعی به منزله هنجارها یا ارزشهای به اشتراک گذاشته شده درون یک جامعه است که موجب تقویت همکاری اجتماعی بر اساس روابط اجتماعی واقعی میشود. احترام به سرمایه اجتماعی، کلیدواژه مهم استقرار جامعه مدنی و حیات شهروندی است. جامعهای که از این نوع سرمایه برخوردار باشد، میتواند بستری مناسب برای شکلگیری جامعهای پویا، کارا، پاسخ گو و توانمند را فراهم کند. در مقابل، بیاعتنایی به این ارزش حیاتی، بسیاری از سیاستها و طرحهای قابل اجرا در آن جامعه را ناکارآمد خواهد گذاشت. عدم توجه به اهمیت سرمایه اجتماعی از سوی صاحبان قدرت، سیاستگذاران حکومت، مجریان دولت و برنامه ریزان، حلقه مفقوده توسعه سیاسی ایران میتواند به شمار رود. غفلت از اثرگذاری این امر سبب شده تا در پردازش راهبردهای اصولی جهت نیل به توسعه پایدار، تاکنون نکته قابل دفاعی به میان نیاید.
در ایران سرمایه اجتماعی بسیار سیال است. به این معنا که در بزنگاهها و وهلهها، ابزارهای موقتی از قدرت، حکومت و دولت با ایجاد فضای ترغیبی و تقویتی یا القای ترس و هشدار برای بیدارسازی افراد خاموش جامعه وارد عمل شده و سعی در حصول نتیجه برای یک هدف کوتاه مدت که غالبا برگزاری انتخاباتی پرشور هست ، مینمایند. اما در واقع فراخوان مردم به مشارکت در جهت منافع کوتاه مدت، موجب شکاف عمیق در اعتماد بین مردم و سیاستگذاران در طول زمان میشود. در شرایطی که سرمایهی اجتماعی وضعیت مطلوب و تعریف شدهای نداشته باشد مردم به یکدیگر و حتی به نهادهای اجرایی اعتماد خود را از دست داده، منافع گروهی را بر منفعت شخصی ارجح نمیدارند و اولویت انتخاب خود را بررسی سود و زیان فردی قرار خواهند داد. در چنین اوضاع ناخوشایندی است که مردم داوطلبانه در اقدامات جامعه خود، مشارکت نمیکنند و با میل و رغبت در پی منافع اجتماعی نخواهند بود.
اکنون که در پدیده انتخابات اخیر ، باز هم به شیوه ضربتی و ناپایدار، گروههای مختلف مردم اعم از جوانان، میانسالان و سالخوردگان با توجه به باور و شناخت مقطعی از زمان که احساس مشارکت آنان را برانگیخت، به صحنه آمدند، میتوان پرسید برنامه مجریان و نهادهای مسئول برای حفظ این سرمایه شگرف و تاثیرگذار و جهتدهی آن به سمت امتیازی مقاوم و مداوم برای پیشبرد اهداف عالی یک جامعه مدنی چه خواهد بود؟
برای مردمیکه به هر دلیل به صحنه آمدهاند چه پیامی میتوان فرستاد: سپاس که آمدید به امید وهلهای دیگر. فعلا خداحافظ؟ یا در صحنه بمانید. برای پاسداشت دموکراسی به حضور مداوم شما نیاز است. فردای بعد از انتخابات، تازه راه آغاز شده است.
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