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مشهدی ها دیگر به زندگی کردن در وضعیت هشدار آلودگی آب و هوا عادت کرده اند؛ مخصوصا در ماه جاری که از ابتدای آن، این شهر تنها یک روز پاک را تجربه کرده است و این یعنی این خبر تازگی ندارد و ظاهرا قرار نیست این وضعیت به این زودی ها تغییر کند.
اینکه چه عواملی در این وضعیت مقصر و دخیل هستند بماند اما اینکه راه حل آن چیست معمایی پیچیده است که همچنان بدون پاسخ مانده است.
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مدیر مرکز پایش آلاینده های زیست محیطی شهرداری مشهد می گوید: شمار روزهای پاک از ابتدای امسال تاکنون در مقایسه با مدت مشابه پارسال 50 درصد کاهش داشته است.
رضا اسماعیلی می افزاید: از مجموع 227 روز گذشته از سال جاری 9 روز هوای پاک در این کلانشهر ثبت شده در حالی که این رقم در مدت مشابه پارسال 17 روز بوده است.
وی با بیان اینکه در سال جاری مردم مشهد 180 روز هوای سالم تنفس کرده اند، اظهار می کند: این تعداد در مدت مشابه پارسال 171 روز بوده است.
وی بیان می کند: روزهای ناسالم برای گروه های حساس، امسال 36 روز و در مدت مشابه سال گذشته 35 روز بود.
اسماعیلی افزود: روزهای ناسالم برای تمام گروه های سنی نیز امسال و در مدت مشابه سال گذشته سه روز بوده است.
وی علت آلودگی هوای مشهد در روزهای اخیر را مربوط به وقوع پدیده وارونگی هوا در ساعات اولیه صبح و پایداری هوا دانسته و ادامه می دهد: پدیده اینورژن موجب می شود تا ارتفاع 2 هزار متری از سطح زمین شاهد ثبات هوا و عدم جابه جایی آن باشیم.
وی با بیان اینکه ذرات معلق با منشاء داخلی باعث آلودگی هوای مشهد طی هفته گذشته بوده است می گوید: این ذرات مربوط به بخش حمل و نقل و خودروها است.
مدیر مرکز پایش آلاینده های زیست محیطی شهرداری مشهد تاکید می کند: مردم با رعایت مسائل زیست محیطی، استفاده از ناوگان حمل و نقل عمومی و کاهش استفاده از خودرو های شخصی می توانند در کاهش تخلیه آلاینده ها در هوا تاثیر و نقش بسزایی داشته باشند.
صنایع آلاینده داخل شهر مشهد جمعآوری و ساماندهی شده است
از آنجایی که برخورد با مشاغل مزاحم یکی از وظایف شهرداری طبق بند 20 قانون شهرداریها است با دبیر کمیسیون این بند در شهرداری مشهد نیز گفتگو کردیم.
محسن نعیمیمقدم در این خصوص میگوید: برخورد با کارخانجات و صنایعی که در حریم شهر مشهد فعال است باید توسط محیط زیست انجام شود و این مورد از حدود وظایف شهرداری مشهد خارج است.
وی بیان میکند: طبق قانون، وظایف شهرداری مشهد در این خصوص به محدود خدماتی شهر محدود میشود و در این بخش نیز تاکنون کارخانجات آلایندهای مانند کارخانه قند، سیلوی گندم و… جمعآوری و یا ساماندهی شدهاند.
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شورای اسلامی شهر به عنوان مرجع تصمیمگیری میتواند نقشی مهم و اثرگذار در وضع و الزام به اجرای قوانین در خصوص کاهش آلودگی هوا داشته باشد.
رییس کمیسون خدمات شهری شورای اسلامی شهر در این خصوص میگوید: در حال حاضر قانونگذار تکلیفهای مشخصی را در خصوص اجرای قوانین و مقررات زیست محیطی برای تمامی بخشها شامل واحدهای صنعتی، خدماتی و حمل و نقلی ایجاد کرده است.
محمد حاجیان شهری ادامه میدهد: ما از لحاظ وجود قوانین مشکلی نداریم؛ معضل اصلی نقص در اجرای قوانین است.
وی اضافه میکند: البته حجمی از آلودگی هوا در قالب ریزگرد از دیگر استانها وارد شهر مشهد میشود که این از کنترل ما خارج است که در سطح کلان و ملی باید برای آن چارهای اندیشدیده شود.
رییس کمیسیون خدمات شهری شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد عنوان میکند: دولت تاکنون برنامهریزیها و اقداماتی را برای این موضوع انجام داده اما تاکنون این اقدامات موثر نبوده است.
حاجیان شهری اضافه میکند: البته در کنار آن یک میلیون خودرو در شهر مشهد تردد دارند که شهرداری برای حل این معضل چارهای جز تکمیل خطوط قطارشهری ندارد.
وی به موضوع انتقال فرودگاه اشاره میکند و میگوید: در نگاه اول شاید انتقال فرودگاه سخت به نظر برسد اما تجربه این کار در تهران وجود دارد لذا شهرداری میتواند به عنوان یک عامل کمکی، اراضی قدیمی را تملک و به ساخت فرودگاه جدید کمک کند.
رییس کمیسیون خدمات شهری شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد اضافه میکند: در کنار آن راهآهن مشهد نیز دلیلی بر آلودگی هوا است که راه چاره آن برقی کردن سیستم ریلی بین شهری است.
حاجیان شهری تصریح میکند: دولت در این خصوص برنامهریزیهایی انجام داده اما به دلیل کمبود بودجه این اتفاق هنوز به طور کامل رخ نداده است.
مُسکنهای مقطعی، دردی را دوا نمیکنند
اما رییس کمیسیون حمل و نقل و ترافیک شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد نیز در یادداشتی به موضوع آلودگی هوای شهر مشهد پرداخته که بیان آن در این گزارش خالی از لطف نیست.
مجتبی بهاروند در این یادداشت میگوید: آلودگی هوای مشهد این روزها نفس شهروندانمان را تنگ کرده است، روزگاری نهچندان دور تونل سبز و باغات این شهر مقدس زبانزد خاصوعام بود اما دیدن هر روزه عبارت «هوا ناسالم است، وضعیت در شرایط هشدار» بر صفحه تابلوهای «ویاماس» معابر شهر، زخمی کارا بر پیکره مدیریت شهری را بهرخ میکشد.
وی میافزاید: متأسفانه سرانه فضای سبز ما با رویکرد تغییر کاربری باغات در سالهای گذشته به شدت کم شده است؛ این مهم به اضافه آلایندگی ناشی از افزایش وسایل نقلیه موتوری، شهری خاکستری را موجب شده که آلودگیهایش سلامت شهروندان را تهدید میکند.
رییس کمیسیون حمل و نقل و ترافیک شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد ادامه میدهد: با وجود اینکه دیری از آغاز به کار دوره پنجم شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد نگذشته است، اما رویکرد کلی این شورا نشانگر مخالفت با تغییر کاربری فضای سبز و باغات شهر مقدس مشهد و ساخت و ساز به هر قیمتی است؛ قیمتی گزاف به بهای نفس تنگی این روزهای مردم شهرمان.
بهاروند بیان میکند: از سوی دیگر، در بازه فعالیت این شورا به یقین بهرهمندی از هر نوع تکنولوژی مانند باروری ابرها که بتواند معضل کمبود آب و آلودگی هوا را کاهش دهد در قالب طرحهای بلندمدت بررسی و پیگیری خواهد شد.
وی با اشاره به اینکه با عملکرد مجموعه نظام و با ادامه شرایط موجود، آلودگی هوای کلانشهرها روزبهروز بدتر میشود، تصریح میکند: دولت باید از منافع کوتاهمدت خود در برخی موارد بگذرد و بهترین راهکار در این شرایط برای دولت صرفنظر کردن از تعرفه واردات خودروهای مناسب، به منظور نوسازی ناوگان عمومی، در نظر گرفتن یارانه برای حمل و نقل عمومی کشور و ایجاد محدودیت در تردد وسایل شخصی است.
رییس کمیسیون حمل و نقل و ترافیک شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد ادامه میدهد: چارهای جز این نداریم که حملونقل عمومی را در کشور گسترش دهیم و ناوگان عمومی را نوسازی کنیم که البته نوسازی ناوگان به معنی استفاده از برخی اتوبوسها و کامیونهای سرهمبندی شده داخلی نیست که معمولا میزان آلایندگی آنها از خودروهای قدیمی هم بیشتر است.
بهاروند تاکید میکند: بهترین روش برای حل معضل آلودگی هوا این است که دولت اجازه دهد در طرحی بلندمدت برای نوسازی ناوگان، اتوبوسهای استانداردی با میزان آلایندگی پایین از شرکتهای معتبر وارد کنیم.
وی ادامه میدهد: علاج واقعه را باید قبل از وقوع میکردیم اما امروز باید دستبهدست هم دهیم تا این معضل جدی را حل کنیم و ایمان داشته باشیم که مُسکنهای مقطعی، دردی را دوا نمیکنند.
رییس کمیسیون حمل و نقل و ترافیک شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد اضافه میکند: ما اصرار داریم خودروهایی که در دنیا به لحاظ استانداردها از رده خارج شدهاند را همچنان تولید کنیم و در خیابانها راه بیندازیم؛ با این روند و با وجود اتوبوسهای آلاینده، مشکلی حل نمیشود و روزهای هشدار و ناسالم ما سالبهسال بیشتر خواهد شد.
بهاروند به معضل وجود ریزگردها اشاره میکند و میگوید: مشکل دیگری که مشهد را تهدید میکند، ورود ریزگردها به شهر است که این مساله را دیگر باید قبل از آنکه مانند برخی نقاط کشور معضل جدی شهرمان شود با تعامل دولتهای ترکمنستان و ایران و سایر اقدامات پیشگیرانه داخلی از هماکنون کنترل و درمان کنیم.
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