سوء استفاده تجار از تولیدکنندگان زعفران
مسئول واحد زعفران سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان رضوی گفت: شکاف موجود بین قیمت زعفران در داخل کشور با نرخهای صادراتی موجب سوء استفاده تجار از تولیدکنندگان شده است.
به گزارش ایرنا، رامین اسمی روز چهارشنبه افزود: این روند به گونهای است که زعفران کاران عمدتا از سود اصلی تولیدات خود محروم هستند.
وی بیان کرد: نبود یک مرجع قیمتی برای محصول زعفران در دنیا موجب شده قیمت زعفران نه تنها در ایران بلکه در بازارهای خارجی نیز چندان شفاف نباشد و همین امر شکاف قیمتی قابل توجهی را بین بازار داخل و بازارهای صادراتی ایجاد کرده است.
مسئول امور زعفران سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان رضوی اظهار کرد: این عدم شفافیت در بازار زعفران موجب شده با توجه به رقابت شدید بین تجار و صادرکنندگان، تعیین قیمتها کار دشواری باشد.
وی بیان کرد: زعفران ایران در بازار داخل و جهان با نرخهای مختلفی به فروش میرسد و میتوان گفت قیمت واقعی این محصول مشخص نیست.
اسمی ادامه داد: به دلیل هزینههای مربوط به صادرات، حمل و نقل و بسته بندی و غیره قیمت هر کیلوگرم زعفران در بازار خرده فروشی کشورهای مقصد به 600 تا 900 میلیون ریال میرسد و حال آنکه این قیمتها در طرح خرید توافقی زعفران رقمی بین 45 میلیون تا 55 میلیون ریال بوده است.
وی افزود: البته بعد از خرید توافقی، رشد قیمت زعفران را شاهد بودیم و اکنون نیز شاهد افزایش قیمتها در بازار هستیم به گونهای که زعفران نگین به هر کیلوگرم حدود 60 میلیون ریال رسیده است.
این مسئول در خصوص نوع ارز به کار گرفته شده در قیمت گذاری زعفران گفت: گرچه معمولا عنوان میشود که زعفران براساس دلار در بازارهای خارجی معامله میشود اما گاهی از تجار زعفران شنیده میشود که محصول را به ریال معامله میکنند.
اسمی افزود: برخی نیز از معامله آن با دلار سخن میگویند بنابراین، اینکه زعفران بر مبنای ریال در بازارهای صادراتی قیمت گذاری میشود و یا دلار نیز به وضوح مشخص نیست.
وی تاکید کرد: البته قیمت گذاری براساس نرخ دلار مشکلاتی را نیز به همراه دارد زیرا به دلیل نوسانات شدید ارز در کشور تحت تاثیر تحریمها، شکاف قیمتی را برای این محصول موجب میشود. اما اگر نرخ ارز با ثبات بیشتری همراه باشد، معامله آن بر مبنای دلار بهتر است.
وی به نوسانات قیمتی در زمان برداشت محصول زعفران و یا زمان افزایش تقاضا در برخی ماههای سال اشاره کرد و گفت: در مقاطعی از سال مخصوصا در دوره برداشت محصول (آبان) به دلیل افزایش میزان عرضه زعفران در بازار داخلی شاهد کاهش قیمتها هستیم و متاسفانه این نوسانات قیمتی هم به تولیدکننده ضربه میزند و هم به ضرر صادرکننده است.
اسمی با تاکید بر اینکه قیمت زعفران در بازار سنتی حالت سینوسی دارد، در خصوص زمان برداشت محصول و پیش بینی قیمتها در این دوره اظهار کرد: فصل برداشت زعفران هر ساله از آبان ماه آغاز شده و حدود یک تا 1.5 ماه طول میکشد.
وی با بیان اینکه هر ساله قیمت زعفران در فصل برداشت کاهش مییابد، افزود: در سال جاری طی ماههای اخیر وضعیت بازار بهتر شده و با ثبات بیشتری همراه است و علت این ثبات در بازار اجرای خرید توافقی زعفران بوده است.
وی با بیان اینکه طرح خرید توافقی زعفران درمان موقتی برای شفافیت قیمتی زعفران است، گفت: این طرح گرچه توانست از کشاورزان حمایت کند، اما باید بازار زعفران را به مکانیسم عرضه و تقاضای واقعی سپرد تا قیمتها در روالی طبیعی تعیین شود که این مکانیسم بازار را میتوان در بستر بورس فراهم کرد.
مسئول واحد زعفران سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان رضوی افزود: در همین راستا به دنبال این هستیم تا با راه اندازی بورس زعفران قیمت را شفاف کنیم تا از این پس همه اعم از کشاورز، تاجر و صادرکننده و نیز خریدار زعفران به کمک تابلو معاملات بورس بداند هر نوع زعفران شامل پوشال، نگین و سرگل مرغوب با درجه کیفیت مختلف چه قیمتی دارد.
وی ادامه داد: در این شرایط همه فعالان حوزه زعفران به ویژه تولیدکننده و حتی صادرکننده سود مطلوبی کسب خواهند کرد. تنها راه شفاف سازی قیمتها عرضه زعفران در بورس کالا است.
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