نداشتن امکان تجربه اتفاقاتی در فضای واقعی
بالا گرفتن تب استفاده از شبكه هاي اجتماعي، كنار تب تند سلفي گرفتن موجب شده تا هر كس با حضور در يكي از شبكه هاي اجتماعي از جمله اينستاگرام براي خودش يك رسانه داشته باشد و عقايد و نظرهاي خود را با عموم مردم به اشتراك بگذارد و به منظور تایید خود، «لايك» جمع كند.
با وجود اين گاهي اوقات از تاييد و لايك خبري نيست و فالورها و كاربراني كه به صفحات افراد در شبكه هاي اجتماعي سر مي زنند به جاي تاييد و لايك كردن، با فحاشي و هتاكي، فرد مورد نظر را مورد حمله قرار مي دهند. چنين اتفاقي در صفحات افراد و چهره هاي مشهور به شكلي جدي ديده مي شود.
ليونل مسي مهاجم سرشناس تيم بارسلونا يكي از چهره هايي است كه حمله و فحاشي كابران ايراني به صفحه هاي اجتماعي اين چهره جهاني ورزش موجب شد تا حاشيه هاي متعددي عليه مردم كشورمان شكل بگيرد. پيش از آن نيز برخي كاربران ايراني به صفحات مجري زن قرعه کشی جام جهانی که به علت پوشش نامناسب او، صداوسیما موفق به پخش آن نشد با فحاشي حمله ور شدند. اين ماجرا اما به چهره هاي خارجي محدود نمي شود و حكايتي است كه گاهي براي چهره هاي هنري و ورزشي كشورمان هم اتفاق مي افتد و بعضی وقت ها ماجرا تا جايي پيش مي رود كه اين چهره ها را به واكنش رسانه اي وادار مي كند. می توان آخرین نمونه آن را در صفحات بازیکنان تیم پرسپولیس و استقلال مشاهده کرد. بازیکنان این دو تیم محبوب پایتخت، پس از بی احترامی بعضی از کاربران، به نشانه اعتراض تمامی پست های خود را حذف کرده و صفحات خود را به حالت غیر فعال تبدیل کردند.
در فضاي مجازي و شبكه هاي اجتماعي مختلف از جمله اينستاگرام كه به خاطر قابليت به اشتراك گذاري تصاوير و با بالا گرفتن تب عكسهاي سلفي، اين روزها در كشورمان بيش از ساير شبكه هاي اجتماعي طرفدار دارد در حالي چنين رفتارهايي رخ مي دهد كه در فضاي حقيقي جامعه كمتر با چنين اتفاقاتي مواجه مي شويم. در برابر چنين موضوعي است كه اين سوال در ذهن شكل مي گيرد؛ چرا افرادي كه در فضاي حقيقي در تلاشند تا چهره اي موجه از خود به نمايش بگذارند در فضاي مجازي و شبكه هاي اجتماعي به راحتي از مرزهاي اخلاقي عبور مي كنند و آنچه در فضاي حقيقي به عنوان خطوط قرمز اخلاق شناخته مي شوند را بي هيچ ملاحظه اي مي شكنند؟
آنهايي كه هتاكي مي كنند
به طور كلي و به لحاظ روانشناختي افراد اغلب يا پيشرو هستند و يا پيرو؛ اما همواره افراد پيرو در اكثريت قرار دارند و اين گروه از افراد پيشرو پيروي مي كنند و اين مهم چه درباره رفتارهاي مثبت و چه در زمينه رفتارهاي منفي نمود دارد. اين ويژگي نه فقط در جامعه حقيقي بلكه در فضاي مجازي هم صادق است. هر چند ويژگي هاي خاص فضاي مجازي و شبكه هاي اجتماعي بر كم و كيف ماجرا اثرگذاراست.
براي ريشه يابي فحاشي و عبور از خط قرمزهاي اخلاقي در فضاي مجازي از سوي برخي كاربران بد نيست به ويژگي هاي فضاي مجازي و بستر شبكه هاي اجتماعي نگاهي بيندازيم.
شخصيتي متفاوت در سايه هويت مجازي
فضاي مجازي هم درست مانند دنياي حقيقي، قواعد و قوانين خاص خود را دارد كه عدم پایبندی به آنها در نهایت موجب آسیب رسانی به خود و دیگری می شود. يكي از ويژگي هاي اين فضا امكان داشتن هويت هاي مجازي و غير واقعي براي افراد است. از اين رو يك شخص مي تواند با حساب های کاربری مختلف در قالب هويت هاي متفاوتي ظاهر شود؛ بدون آنكه كسي او را بشناسد. گاهي ساعت ها حضور در شبكه های اجتماعی گوناگون و گشت زدن در فضاي مجازي موجب مي شود تا كاربران به خصوص جوانان و نوجوانان مرز بين فضاي مجازي و حقيقي را گم كنند. بر اين اساس همانگونه كه از فضاي حقيقي اثر مي پذيرند از فضاي مجازي نيز تاثير پذير مي شوند.
از سوي ديگر ويژگي هاي فضاي مجازي به آنان هويت مجازي داده است پس حتي در صورت شكستن خطوط قرمز اخلاقي و اجتماعي كسي آنها را نمي شناسد و مواخذه اي شبيه آنچه در فضاي واقعي با آن مواجه مي شوند در انتظار آنان نيست. همه اينها دست به دست هم مي دهند تا افراد خيلي راحت تر از فضاي حقيقي اخلاقيات را زير پا بگذارند و رفتارهايي از آنها سر بزند كه ممكن است هرگز در فضاي حقيقي اينگونه رفتار نكنند. اين گروه به شدت از افراد خط شكن و پيشرو تاثير مي پذيرند. حتي اگر به اين جنس كامنت ها توجه كنيد هميشه نخستين كامنتي كه با هتاكي و فحاشي همراه است راه را براي توهين ديگر افراد باز مي كند.
با مدیر موسسه بنیاد زندگی در این خصوص به گفتوگویی نشسته که در ادامه به آن میپردازیم.
مدیر موسسه بنیاد زندگی گفت: انسان علاقهمند به خلق و حضور هویت جدید در خود دارد.
به گزارش روزنامه صبح امروز سهیل رضایی در مصاحبه با خبرنگار این رسانه افزود: فضای مجازی امکان حضور افراد با هویت متفاوت و پنهان را فراهم کرده است.
وی تصریح کرد: این پدیده و تعارض هویت تنها مختص به کشور ما نیست بلکه این پدیده نوظهور جهانی است و ما باید بدانیم که هر پدیده جدید بروز بیماری نیست.
رضایی ادامه داد: این موضوع که افراد میتوانند بخشی از هویت پنهان و مغلوب شخصیت خود را در فضای محازی ابراز کنند نه تنها بد نیست بلکه تجربه این کار جالب و خوب است.
مدیر بنیاد فرهنگ زندگی ابراز کرد: هر فردی دارای چند شخصیت و خصوصیات اخلاقی متفاوت و متغیر بوده که هر شخصیت او ۲۰درصد از هویت اورا تشکیل داده پس تجربه زندگی با شخصیت جدید هیچ مشکلی را ایجاد نمیکند.
وی تبیین کرد: با توجه به جذابیت و جالب بودن این فضا افراد به این سمت تشویق شده تا این نوع سبک زندگی را نیز تجربه کنند.
رضایی عنوان کرد: افراد در فضای مجازی میتوانند انوع کارها و اتفاقاتی را که امکان تجربه آن در فضای حقیق وجود نداشته را در فضایمجازی تجربه کنند.
وی توضیح داد: بیشتر افرادی علاقه به تجربه این پدیده را داشته که با منِ مطلوب خود فاصله زیادی داشته و از منظر اجتماعی دارای منزلت پایینتری هستند و به سمت خلق تصاویر کاذب از خود پیش میروند.
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