زمزمههایی برای معافیت «میوه»
ساکن برجی: به امید اصلاحات دولتی، صادرات میکنیم
وقتی که در اوج نوسانات ارزی معاون اول رئیس جمهور نرخ 4200 تومانی را اعلام کرد گفتند که «ترمز دلار کشیده شد» و از واسطه گری و دلال ها نجات پیدا کرد ولی این تنها اتفاق «ارزی» کشور در فروردین 97 نبود. اتخاذ سیاست گرفتن تعهد ارزی از صادرکنندگان که به گفته مسعود کرباسیان با هدف برگرداندن ارز به چرخه اقتصادی اجرایی شد، قرار نبود که سد صاداتی بشود.
بسیاری از کارشناسان و فعالین اقتصادی با شفافیت مالی در این زمینه موافق هستند اما این دستورالعمل باید قابلیت اجرایی و پیشگیرانه می داشت و با کسب نظر و اطلاعات از فعالین بخش خصوصی گرفته می شد. یکی از نمونه های این بی تدبیری متوقف شدن صادرات به آسیای میانه و کاهش چشمگیر صادرات میوه در خراسان رضوی است. اگر چه در این زمینه هم بین دولت و بخش خصوصی هم اختلاف نظر وجود دارد.
گفت و گو با رئیس اتحادیه بارفروشان مشهد که از صادرکنندگان نمونه استانی و ملی در سال های اخیر است، را در ادامه می خوانید.
زمزمههای معافیت میوه از تعهد ارزی به گوش میرسد
رئیس اتحادیه بارفروشان مشهد در بحث وعده معافیت میوه از تعهد ارزی گفت: پس از پیگیریهای فراوان زمزمههایی به گوش میرسد که میوه از طرح بازگشت ارز معاف شود اما هنوز اقدامی عملی در این زمینه صورت نگرفته است. اگر این اتفاق نیفتد صادرات میوه غیرممکن میشود.
حیدرساکن برجی در گفتوگو با «صبحامروز» افزود: با وجود این که به صورت شفاهی گفته شده میوه از قوانین ارزی صادرات حذف میشود اما بحث بازگشت دلار هنوز هم مشکلزا است و ما با ترس صادرات را انجام میدهیم.
عمده صادرات از طریق تجار نبوده است
ساکن درباره این که گفته میشود در سه ماهه نخست امسال صادرات افزایش داشته، اظهار کرد: کسانی که این آمار را ارائه میکنند افرادی هستند که تفاوتی برای صادرات میوه از طریق مرزنشینان با پشتوانه کمکهای دولتی و صادرات از طریق تاجران این عرصه قائل نیستند.
مردم و رسانهها آمار دولتی را قضاوت کنند
وی افزود: ما آمار دقیق صادرات کل میوه کشور را نداریم چرا که گرفتن آمار ریز شرکتهای خودمان نیز نیازمند انجام مراحل و مکاتبات بسیار است اما مردم و رسانهها کاملا بر این موضوع آگاهی دارند که تا چه میزان آمار ارائه شده توسط بخش دولتی واقعی است.
ساکن برجی ادامه داد: آماری که ما به عنوان بخش خصوصی در دست داریم نشان دهنده این است که طرح سپردن تعهدات ارزی به شدت موجب کاهش صادرات میوههای مختلف از طریق تجار شده است و این میزان صادرات باقی مانده نیز به دلیل امید صادرکننده به اصلاحیه دولت بر این قوانین است، امری که در کشور ما تبدیل به اتفاقی تکراری شده است. قطعا با گذشت زمان و بازگشت ارز به خوبی این کاهش صادرات را خواهیم دید.
مشوق نداشتهایم، اجبار صادرات را افزایش داده
ساکن برجی در مورد گمانه زنی ها و اخبار غیر رسمی مبنی بر افزایش صادرات برخی میوهها ابراز کرد: در این مدت مشوق صادراتی وجود نداشته که موجب افزایش صادرات شود بلکه جبر صادراتی موجب این امر بوده است. یعنی میوهها 6ماه در سردخانه نگهداری شدند تا در بازار داخلی مصرف شوند اما تاجران بخاطر عدم تقاضا در بازار داخلی به ناچار میوهها را با حداقل قیمت صادر کردند.
وی تصریح کرد: ممکن است یکی از دلایل این ادعای افزایش صادرات، کاهش شدید قیمت محصولات مختلف مثل سیب و هندوانه بخاطر مازاد تولید بوده که قدرت رقابت این محصولات را در مقایسه با سایر کشورها بسیار بالا برد. که البته این موضوع هرگز نمیتواند تامین کننده منافع تولیدکننده و صادرکننده باشد.
رئیس اتحادیه بارفروشان مشهد در بحث کشورهایی که دلار در مبادلات تجاری آنها نقشی ندارد، گفت: فقط کشورهای افغانستان و عراق هستند که با ریال معامله میکنند و نیازی به بازگشت ارز ندارند، اما این کشورها تنها بخش کوچکی از صادرات میوه و ترهبار را شامل میشوند.
وی افزود: در حال حاضر شرکت من به 19 کشور جهان صادرات دارد و افغانستان و عراق تنها ده تا بیست درصد از تجارت این شرکت را شامل میشوند. مابقی کشورها از جمله آسیای میانه با دلار یا ارز کشور خود مبادله تجاری دارند. اگر قانون معافیت میوه و ترهبار از تعهد ارزی اجرایی شود دیگر نیازی به بازگشت هیچ نوع ارزی نیست.
فصل صادراتی در پیش است، باید مشکلات پیگیری شود
ساکن برجی در بحث قوانین بستهبندی که مشکلاتی را در صادرات میوه و قیمت تمام شده محصول ایجاد کرده بود، تصریح کرد: اکنون هنوز فصل صادراتی میوه در کشورهای هدف در اوج نیست اما شهریور ماه که شروع این فصل است مشکلاتی چون قوانین بستهبندی میوهها دوباره مطرح خواهند شد و باید از امروز پیگیری شوند. البته در این زمینه مکاتباتی با وزیر صنعت، معدن و تجارت داشتهایم که باید منتظر ماند و نتیجه آن را دید.
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