صبح امروز بررسی می‌کند:
عاشورا؛ شور حسینی یا شعور حسینی؟
مهناز اصغری
کرونا در ایران به علاوه اقتصاد و معیشت مردم رسم و رسومات فرهنگی و مذهبی را نیز تحت تاثیر قرار داد از جمله این آئین‌ها عزاداری اباعبدالله در ماه محرم و صفر است که این بیماری منحوس سایه خود را بر سر فرهنگ و سنت دیرینه ایرانیان نیز گسترانده و موجب شده است که آیین عزاداری در ایران نیز دستخوش تغییراتی شود.
در حال حاضر، وضعیت فعلی کشور از نظر میزان ابتلا به بیماری کرونا، بدترین وضعیت از ابتدای شروع انتشار این ویروس را دارد.
نوع جهش یافته کرونا که دلتا یا همان ویروس جهش یافته هندی نام دارد، سرعت ابتلای بسیار بالایی داشته و بررسی های جدید نشان می دهد که حتی در فضاهای باز امکان انتقال این ویروس وجود دارد.
طولانی شدن حضور این بیماری منحوس در جامعه، باعث کاهش رعایت شیوه نامه های بهداشتی در سطوح مختلف جامعه شده است. از طرف دیگر توان نیروی بهداشت و درمان کشور برای مقابله با حجم بالای مبتلایان، محدود است و با وجود فداکاری ها و جانفشانی های این عزیزان، هر روز، شاهد آمار مرگ و میر باورنکردنی مردمان سرزمین مان هستیم.
پاسداشت از فرهنگ عاشورا
عزای حسینی و زنده‌نگه داشتن مکتب عاشورایی یک وظیفه بزرگ و خطیر بوده که هر ساله به خوبی از آن پاسداشت شده و این مراسمات با شکوهمندی بسیار برگزار می‌شود.
اما شیوع ویروس سیاهِ کویید ۱۹ و با توجه به افزایش مرگ و میر و پاشیدن رنگ سیاه به این روزهای جامعه، مراسمات عزاداری و این فرهنگ حسینی شکوهمند اما با رعایت پروتکل‌های بهداشتی برگزار می‌شود.
متاسفانه فرهنگ حسینی را از شعور به شور تبدیل کرده بدین معنا که این فرهنگ برای ما به یک عادت روتین مبدل شده به مانند نماز خواندن که در بسیاری از افراد از روی عادت نه عبادت خوانده می‌شود
یک دکتری جامعه‌شناسی می‌گوید: فرهنگ مجموعه‌ای از علوم و معارف و هنرهای مردم، آداب و رسوم و دانش گفته است؛ عزاداری حسینی نیز در سال‌های متمادی با فرهنگ ایرانی آمیخته شده است.
جعفر شاهرخی در مصاحبه با خبرنگار صبح امروز، پیرامون جایگاه فرهنگ محرم و عزاداری حسینی در ایران می‌افزاید: در روایات متعددی سوگواری را همان احیای شعائر دینی برشمرده و سبب استواری خرقه‌ها و بیعت با ائمه دین می‌شود.
وی ابراز می‌کند: ریشه عزاداری‌ها در زمان پیامبر و با توصیه ایشان آغاز شده و به تدریج در جوامع مختلف به ویژه جامعه ایران به یک سنت دیرینه مبدل شده است.
شاهرخی ادامه می‌دهد: این عزاداری‌ها برای ائمه، سبب زنده نگه‌داشتن مکتب، دعوت دین، پیوند دل‌ها با سیره بزرگان و ائمه اطهار شده است؛ اما مهمترین اثر برگزاری این مراسمات بایستی پیدایش منش این بزرگان در ما و عدم فراموش کردن ارزش‌هایی که ائمه در راه آن‌ها جان دادند، است.
یک نگاه ساده به تبلیغات و بیلبوردهای تبلیغاتی هییات مذهبی در سطح شهر متوجه می‌شویم که اهمیت مداحی و گریستن از آموزش بینش و بصیرت بیشتر است و باید بپذیریم که منبرها را در اختیار کسانی قرار می‌دهیم که اگر چه در بین آن‌ها افراد با بصیرت و سواد وجود داشته اما بسیاری از این سخنوران بی‌سواد و ناآگاه نسبت به مکتب حسینی هستند
احیای ارزش‌های متعالی حسینی
وی بیان می‌کند: در فرهنگ ما ايرانيان، بزرگداشت اسوه‌هاي ديني، زمينه‌ساز بسياري از آيين‌هاست که به دليل تنوع جغرافيايي و قومي، سبک‌ها و گونه‌هاي متنوعي از آن به وجود آمده و از ديرباز تا امروز از نسلي به نسل ديگر منتقل شده است.
شاهرخی اذعان می‌کند: عزاداري، نمادي از احياي ارزش‌هاي متعالي انساني به شمار مي‌رود؛ ارزش‌هايي که امام حسين و خاندان و يارانش جان بر سر آن نهاده‌اند. از همين روست که پيام‌هاي اين واقعه عظيم، ابعاد زندگي فردي و اجتماعي شيعيان را تحت تأثير قرار داده است، تا آنجا که شايد بتوان ادعا کرد در ميان آيين‌هاي معنوي – بويژه سوگواره‌ها که در نقاط مختلف کشور اجرا مي‌شود – ، فرهنگ عاشورايي، فراگيرترين و ژرف‌ترين و متنوع‌ترين آيين‌هاست.
ضعف دانش و بینش و عدم آگاهی جامعه و برخی مداحان و مبلغان زمینه‌ساز گسترش آسیب‌ها و تحریف‌ها در فرهنگ عاشورایی شده است
شور حسینی یا شعور حسینی؟
وی می‌گوید: ما در حال عزاداری برای فرهنگی هستیم که امام حسین'ع' برای زنده نگه‌داشتن آن قیام کرده است؛ فرهنگ قیام و بصیرت و شعور حسینی، فرهنگ ادب و تربیت، ایثار و ارزش‌ها و کلاس بزرگ انسان‌سازی است.
این استاد علوم اجتماعی اظهار می‌کند: متاسفانه فرهنگ حسینی را از شعور به شور تبدیل کرده بدین معنا که این فرهنگ برای ما به یک عادت روتین مبدل شده به مانند نماز خواندن که در بسیاری از افراد از روی عادت نه عبادت خوانده می‌شود.
وی تبیین می‌کند: باید در نهایت تاسف اعلام کنیم که این روزها نفس ظاهر عزاداری برای ما از اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به معنی و آثار عاشورا برخوردار شده که این رفتار و عادت آفت زا است.
نماز از روی عادت
شاهرخی ادامه می‌دهد: اگر عزاداری‌ها و برگزاری مراسمات دینی هیچ تغییری در سبک زندگی افراد ایجاد نکرده و موجبات انسانیت بیشتر را فراهم نکنند، به طور حتم آسیب‌های بسیاری را به همراه دارد.
وی توضیح می‌دهد: مکتب حسینی بایستی سبب افزایش بصیرت و شعور حسینی در انسان‌ها شود.
شاگهرخی ابراز می‌کند: فرهنگ عزاداری جدا از ارزش نبوده و باید حواسمان را جمع کنیم که این فرهنگ به سمت ضد ارزش نرود چرا که مرز باریکی میان ارزش و ضد ارزش وجود دارد.
وی تشریح می‌کند: بساط عزاداری یک آموزه بوده و موزه‌ای برای نمایش نیست و یا به روایتی دیگر مکتب حسینی و عزای حسینی برای خوب نگریستن است نه خوب گریستن.
متاسفانه با یک نگاه ساده به تبلیغات و بیلبوردهای تبلیغاتی هییات مذهبی در سطح شهر متوجه می‌شویم که اهمیت مداحی و گریستن از آموزش بینش و بصیرت بیشتر است و باید بپذیریم که منبرها را در اختیار کسانی قرار می‌دهیم که اگر چه در بین آن‌ها افراد با بصیرت و سواد وجود داشته اما بسیاری از این سخنوران بی‌سواد و ناآگاه نسبت به مکتب حسینی هستند
ضعف آگاهی برخی سخنوران آفت زا است
شاهرخی ادامه می‌دهد: ضعف دانش و بینش و عدم آگاهی جامعه برخی مداحان و مبلغان زمینه‌ساز گسترش آسیب‌ها و تحریف‌ها در فرهنگ عاشورایی است.
وی اعلام می‌کند: متاسفانه با یک نگاه ساده به تبلیغات و بیلبوردهای تبلیغاتی هییات مذهبی در سطح شهر متوجه می‌شویم که اهمیت مداحی و گریستن از آموزش بینش و بصیرت بیشتر است و باید بپذیریم که منبرها را در اختیار کسانی قرار می‌دهیم که اگر چه در بین آن‌ها افراد با بصیرت و سواد وجود داشته اما بسیاری از این سخنوران بی‌سواد و ناآگاه نسبت به مکتب حسینی هستند.
شاهرخی با اشاره به روایاتی در دین مبنی بر آگاه‌سازی شرح می‌دهد: در روایات ما آمده که اگر سوالی از دین دارید از اهل آن سوال کنید؛ هر تریبون داری واقف به تمام احکام دینی و آگه به مسائل نیست و برخی از این افراد به جای دعوت به دین، دعوت به غیر دین می‌کنند.
وی بیان می‌کند: در ایامی که روزهای سیاهی توسط بیماری کرونا برای جامعه رقم خورده، هنوز افراد تندرویی هستند که جلوتر از رهبری و کادر متخصص درمان به دنبال منافع شخصی خود بوده و ساز خود را به صدا در می‌آورند.
این دکتر جامعه شناس ادامه می‌دهد: ما وارث دینی هستیم که در آن به برابری و برادری و همدلی توصیه و تاکید شده، اما جای تاسف دارد که این روزها برخی از افراد تریبون‌دار از مراجع تقلید پیروی نکرده و جلوتر حرکت می‌کنند که تبعات این ناآگاهی به مردم عام بر می‌گردد.
وی تاکید می‌کند: عزاداری سبقه بسیار دیرینه‌ای دارد و این فرهنگ که درست و با کمترین تحریف نسل به نسل منتقل شده موجبات تغییر مثبت در سبک بینش و تفکر داشته و حکومت‌ها را به پاسخ‌گویی وا داشته است.
سخن آخر:
امید است هرچه زودتر سابه کرونا از سر فرهنگ و جامعه ایران رخت بر بسته و عزاداران حسینی بتوانند این مکتب شعور را با شوری بیش از پیش برگزار کنند.
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