آموزش موسیقی به کودکان معنی ندارد
آموزش موسیقی به کودکان همیشه با همان متد قدیمی که ساز های رایج در متد عرف را به کودکان آموزش داده و همان مسیر رفته سالها را دوباره طی می کنند بدون اینکه نگاهی نو و بومی به جریان آموزش به کودک در این وادیِ احساسی داشته باشند. همان نگاهی را به کودک دارند که به یک فرد بزرگسال در حال آموزش هستند . با کند و کاوی در فضای مجازی و اینستاگرام به جریان بسیار جالبی برخوردم که نگاهی نو به آموزش موسیقی به کودکان داشت . نوازنده ای میانسال با ساز تار و سه تار در کلاس مدرسه و میز و تخته،سازی می زد و ترانه های زیبای ایرانی را با ریتمی آهسته می نواخت و می خواند و تمام کودکان کلاس اول بدون اینکه از ریتم خارج شوند بسیار بهتر از بزرگسالان آهنگ و ریتم را با پایشان اجرا می کردند. هادی فدایی دوره های نوازندگی تار را در محضر اساتیدی چون کیوان ساکت ، فرهنگ شریف ، رامین اصلاح و رحمان مرادی و دوره های نوازندگی سه تار را در محضر اساتیدی چون عرفان گنجه ای ، مسعود شعاری و وصال عربزاده گذراند. همچنین نوازندگی کمانچه را نزد آقای علی اسماعیلی و نوازندگی تمبک را مدت کوتاهی نزد بهمن رجبی فراگرفت . و به آموزش مربی گری موسیقی کودک نزد سرکار خانم امیری پرداخت. در دوره فراگیری موسیقی در دانشگاه موسیقی از محضر اساتیدی چون پورتراب، دهلوی، دیبازر و مهاجر بهره جست. وی دارای مدرک مربیگری موسیقی و همچنین عضویت “وابسته 1” خانه موسیقی است.
با شروع فعالیت حرفه ای برنامه های متعددی را به صورت کنسرت آزاد یا سازمانی و یا به نفع اقشار خاص برگزار نموده است ، همچنین به تألیف و چاپ کتاب سه نوایی (آموزش مقدماتی تار و سه تار به همرا دف و تمبک) همت گماشته و بیشمار اجراهایی در ایران داشته است.
آیا موسیقی سنتی با نگاه آموزشی برای کودکان هم سو است ؟
باید از منظری نگاه کرد به آموزش موسیقی برای کودکان که قرار است آموزش چگونه شکل بگیرد و کاری که من انجام می دهم و سعی می کنم در حقیقت آماده سازی کودکان برای بهتر شنیدن و آموزش موسیقی و آمادگی برای پذیرفتن نواهای خوش موسیقیایی در ذهن کوچکشان .با توجه به اینکه این آمادگی شامل این است که من چگونه مسله ریتم و پا زدن و نقش احساسات و الگوهای ریتمیک را به نحو ساده به آن ها بیاموزم و نه اینکه از منظر حرفه ای نتهای چنگ و دولا چنگ موسیقی را یاد بدهم . مبانی موسیقی یعنی توانایی اجرای ریتم برای هر مخاطب پیر و جوان و هر کس که گوش می کند موسیقی را .
این امر در رابطه با آموزش کودکان شاخصه مهمتری است .کودک مغزش یاد می گیرد که مجزا و هم زمان با ضرب پا و یا مترونم ریتم را حفظ کند و در حقیقت یک گونه نوازندگی کند و احساسش را کنترل و هم زمان نیز شعری را بخواند . در خیلی از موارد کودکان دست زدن ساده را هم نمی توانند انجام دهند .
نظر شما درمورد آموزش موسیقی به کودکان چیست؟
آموزش موسیقی عملا به کودکان معنی ندارد و تا زیر هفت هشت سال ذهن کودک آماده یادگیری موسیقی نخواهد بود .
اگر این کار من را آموزش محسوب کنیم پس آن قسمت از آموزش موسیقی به کودکان که کودک سازی در دست گرفته و کلمه آموزش معنی می دهد و این متناقص است با کل مسله آموزش در موسیقی کودکان .زمان های قدیم که کودک بودیم و مدرسه میرفتیم ، کلاسی قبل از رفتن به دبستان به نام آمادگی وجود داشت و در حقیقت همان مهدکودک هایی که نامشان آمادگی بود .در حقیقت کلمه آمادگی بسیار برای محتوایی که با خودش داشت بسیار خوب انتخاب شده بود .در حقیقت مرا آماده می کردند که بروم به مدرسه و دبستان و بگذریم از اینکه چیزهای دیگری هم که لازم بود به ما می آموختند و البته در مهدکودک های زمان حال به کودکان مسایلی یاد می دهند که باید در مقطع دبستان یاد داده شود .کودک بعد از هفت سالگی قرار است الفبا را یاد گرفته ولی این آموزش الفبا در مهد کودک انجام و فکر می کنند که کار مهم تری انجام و از کودک انتظار کار اضافه هم دارند . در کلاس موسیقی هم همین گونه است . چیزهایی که کودک در سن هفت سالگی می تواند در سه یا چهار جلسه یاد بگیرد باعث می شود همان درس موسیقی را در سن پنج سالگی و با زور و یاد دادن خطوط حامل و نت ها را یاد بگیرد .اصلا این یادگیری نت برای کودک چه لزومی دارد .کودک اگر احساس ریتمیک بهتری پیدا کند بسیار خوبتر و جذابتر و در زمانی اندک در مسیر درک شناختن موسیقی گام برخواهد برداشت .
مگر خود شما به کودک آموزش نمی دهید؟
من این بحث را که آموزش می دهم قبول ندارم . من کودک را آماده می کنم برای یادگیری شروع یک آموزش مطلوب .وقتی قرار است شروع با کلمه آمادگی باشد کلمه آموزش زیر سوال خواهد رفت. باید به مفهوم آموزش و ژانر موسیقی و سبک نگاه معنی دارتری داشته باشیم. قرار است آشنا کنیم کودک را با موسیقی محلی کشورمان، هندی ، پاکستانی و کلاسیک و پاپ جهانی و ایرانی. کودک موسیقی روحوضی را بهتر با گوش موسیقی اش بشنود .موسیقی بندری و جنوب را و سیستان را حتی برای یک بار با گوشش شنیده و حداقل فرق بین ساز دوتار و دف و سه تار و گیتار را بداند که چیست .و آهسته آهسته بعدا برود به سراغ یادگیری موسیقی و کلمه آموزش را با وجودش درک کند .حال فرض کنیم که من دارم به کودک موسیقی یاد داده و او مشغول آموزش است و من هم موسیقی سنتی می نوازم .
موسیقی هایی که به کودکان آموزش داده می شود معمولا باید چه حال و هوایی داشته باشند؟
موسیقی ایرانی فواصلی دارد که غمبارتر از موسیقی کلاسیک است و البته غم چیز بدی نیست و در حقیقت غصه بد است ولی برای کودک در آن سن و سال آن فواصل ربع پرده فواصل دلپذیری نیست .ممکن است کودک استعداد یادگیری موسیقی کلاسیک را داشته باشد و با زور بخواهم فواصل موسیقی ایرانی در گوشش چپانیده شود . و در حقیقت هم از این در و هم از آن در رانده خواهد شد. البته نفر به نفر هم می تواند فرق کند ولی چون فواصل غمگنانه و سنگین است برای او ولی می شود این بار سنگینی را کمتر و با رنگین کردن اصوات نگاه شادتری برای او ایجاد کرد . با مثالی نگاه عامیانه تری به این موضوع خواهم داشت .وقتی شمای ایرانی بیشتر از همه غذاها قورمه سبزی را دوست می دارید و با بوی برنج دم کرده روحتان را پرواز می دهد و ذائقه شما را غلغلک کرده و آن را به غذای فست فودی بیشتر ترجیح و بیشتر میل می کنید و ممکن است قورمه سبزی مانده یک هفته قبل را گرم و نوش جان کرده اما تکه پیتزای مانده از شب قبل را هرگز میلی به خوردنش نداشته باشید .غذاهای ملی ما چون با ذائقه مان شکل گرفته و ربطی به خوب بودن و بد بودن غذا نیز ندارد .در معماری ما گوشه و کنج زیاد دیده نمی شود .زاویه های عمود بر هم ندارد . بیشتر شکل گنبد و بته جقه و دوار است و مفهوم عرفانی خودش را دارد . ولی معماری اروپا یی خیلی کنج دار است .رقص قجری با عشوه و ناز و نرم است ولی رقص اروپایی بیشتر شبیه حرکات ورزشی است و بنابراین مخاطب ایرانی از حرکات موزون ایرانی بیشتر لذت می برد . چون کودک با دیدن همین حرکات موزون رقص گونه بزرگ شده است .من برای همه کودکان انواع ژانرهای موسیقی را پخش می کنم و هر چند که توان اجرای گروهی و تک نوازی هر یک را نداشته باشم ولی دوست دارم بشنوند و ذهنشان درگیر توالی نت های موسیقیایی شوند .نمی شود به این مسله تک بعدی نگاه کرد و به عقیده من نواختن ریتم و ملودی موسیقی ملی هم می تواند یک نوع از آموزش برای کودکان باشد و آن قسمت سنگین ریتم و ردیف ها قابل هضم برای گوش آنان نیست .
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