دانشگاه، بازگشت حق رقابت آزاد
بازگشایی دانشگاهها اگر چه مراسمی نمادین است که در آن باید ورود جوانترین اعضای خانواده دانشگاهی را پاس داشت اما سخنان رئیس جمهوری در ابتدای سال تحصیلی معمولاً به آن وجه خبری علمی و سیاسی میدهد. دیروز دکتر حسن روحانی در دانشگاه تهران نخستین دیدگاهها و رویکردهای دولت دوازدهم را درباره نهاد دانشگاه و دانشگاهیان اعلام کرد و شاید به این سبب که دانشگاهیان و دانشجویان را از جمله موقرترین یاوران و پشتیبانان خود میداند با آنان به درد و دل نشست.
بازخوانی این سخنان که بازتاب گسترده رسانهای و سیاسی هم داشته است از آن رو اهمیت دارد که مسأله انتظارات دانشگاه از رئیس جمهوری و دولت در شمار جدیترین مسائل توسعهای کشور است. کشور اگر نیازمند تحرکهای توسعهای است که هست، باید به توسعه علمی بهایی بیشتری دهد و روشن است که توسعه علمی بر مدار دانشگاه زنده، فعال، نقاد و با نشاط میچرخد. سخن محوری دکتر روحانی بازگشت دانشگاه به نهادی مقتدر، آزاد، مشارکت جو و حساس نسبت به مسائل پیش روی جامعه بود.
این دانشگاه از نظر او وظیفه دارد که در فهم مسائل سیاسی و تحلیل مشکلات پیرامونی نقش پیشرو داشته باشد. پس باید دید که چه موانعی نهاد دانشگاه را در ایفای این نقش دچار اختلال میکند. آنچه روحانی در این باب گفت و هر شهروند منصفی هم میتواند بر این گفتهها مهر تأیید بزند این است که «رقابت آزاد» در حوزههای مختلف از جمله «در علم، اقتصاد و مدیریت» بسادگی ممکن نیست و این دشواری رقابت آزاد که سختی مشارکت آزادانه را به دنبال دارد از فضای عمومی جامعه به فضای خاص جامعه هم سرریز میشود. روحانی از شکلگیری و وجود دیواری کوتاه برای یک جناح سیاسی سخن به میان آورد که در هر شرایطی بیشتر روی تنبیه را میبیند تا تشویق و مثل مرغ عروسی و عزا در پس هر پیروزی و شکستی سرش بریده میشود.
متأسفانه سایه این دیوار کوتاه در دانشگاه بیشتر دیده میشود. استاد و دانشجوی اصلاحطلب و طرفدار دولت کمتر از شرایط برابر در سطوح و مدارج مختلف اجرایی، آموزشی و علمی برخوردار میگردد.
روحانی ریشههای این نابرابری و تبعیض سیاسی را در نادیده گرفتن حرمت انسان و ناتوانی تحمل نظرات مخالف میداند. از این رو به نکات مهمی اشاره میکند که هم در دانشگاه و هم در بیرون آن میتواند این چرخه مختل را در توسعه اصلاح کند. دفاع از «سرمایههای نمادین» که نقشی اساسی در ترمیم سرمایه اجتماعی و ترغیب نخبگان و عموم شهروندان به مشارکت مؤثر دارد در صدر این ملاحظهها و نکتههاست.
چه کسی میتواند جایگاه بزرگانی را که مایه استحکام پیوندهای اخلاقی، اجتماعی و سیاسیاند نادیده گیرد مگر اینکه چشم در واقعیتهای مملوسی که حداقل در چند دوره انتخابات خود را به وضوح نشان داده است بربندد. بنا به سخن رئیس جمهوری، دانشگاه اگر میخواهد که به جای اصلی خود بازگردد باید به جای تضعیف و پاره پاره شدن حرمت؛ منزلت و اقتدار واقعی خود را بازیابد و با بازگرداندن حق رقابت آزاد به دانشگاهیان جایی هم برای توجه به مطالبات و خواستههای دانشگاهیان باز کند. خواستهها و مطالباتی که حداقل در همین انتخابات اخیر ریاست جمهوری نشانگر آن بوده که پیشبرد روند اصلاحات و به تعدیل روند افراطی گری در دانشگاه باید به جد اعتنا کرد.
یادداشتی از دکتر هادی خانیکی
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