یک عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران؛

چاپ اسکناس مولد تورم است

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کارشناسان اقتصادی همواره بر این باور هستند که جلوگیری از خلق پول می‌تواند ترمزی برای رشد تورم در کشور باشد. چراکه پول خلق شده در اقتصاد کشور می‌چرخد و این چرخه می‌تواند باعث وخیم‌تر شدن شرایط اقتصادی شود.

به گزارش روزنامه «صبح امروز» و به نقل از ایرنا، چند روز قبل رئیس سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور اعلام کرد که پرداخت‌های دولت در ماه گذشته بدون خلق پول انجام شده است. «سید مسعود میرکاظمی» با اشاره به اینکه اصلاح ساختار بودجه را از چند ماه گذشته آغاز کرده‌ایم، گفت: با مدیریت و ساماندهی بدهی‌ها و مصارف بودجه برای اولین بار در ماه گذشته، پرداخت‌های دولت بدون خلق پول انجام شد. وی ابراز امیدواری کرد که روند اصلاح ساختار بودجه برای سال ۱۴۰۱ نیز ادامه داشته باشد.

خلق پول چه تاثیری بر اقتصاد دارد؟

اما این خلق پول چیست و چه تاثیری بر اقتصاد دارد که جلوگیری از آن به عنوان دستاوردی برای دولت نوپای سیزدهم به شمار می‌رود.

در علم اقتصاد چاپ هر اسکناس باید به پشتوانه یک دارایی فیزیکی انجام شود. این دارایی فیزیکی از طلا گرفته تا ارز سایر کشورها و حتی در مواردی کالای دیگر مانند نفت در نظر گرفته می‌شود. اما در مواردی دولت‌ها به دلیل مشکلات مالی بدون در نظر گرفتن یک دارایی فیزیکی به اصطلاح پول چاپ می‌کنند تا در شرایط عادی، آن دارایی را جایگزین کنند. به طور مثال در شرایط تحریم دولت‌ها به پشتوانه ارزهای بلوکه شده خود در دیگر کشورها، نقدینگی را با پول ملی به اقتصاد تزریق می‌کنند تا با رفع تحریم‌ها و آزادشدن ارزها، این پشتوانه جایگزین شود.

با این حال خلق پول اگرچه در کوتاه مدت مُسکنی برای کنترل شرایط اقتصادی است اما به تدریج پایه پولی کشور را بالا برده و با افزایش نقدینگی و چرخش آن در اقتصاد، قیمت‌ها را بالا می‌برد و به اصلاح ایجاد تورم می‌کند. بنابراین جلوگیری از خلق پول در شرایطی که کشور با رکود تورمی دست به گریبان است، می‌تواند ترمز مناسبی برای رشد نرخ تورم باشد.

محل نامشخص تامین منابع دولت 

در این خصوص یک عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران با اشاره به صحبت‌های «سید مسعود میرکاظمی» رئیس سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور در خصوص جلوگیری از خلق پول برای پرداخت‌های دولت در ماه گذشته گفت: این کار به معنای آن است که دولت توانسته منابع مورد نیاز خود را از مسیری دیگر مانند ایجاد درآمدهای جدید و یا دسترسی به بخشی از ارزهای بلوکه شده تامین کند. البته محل تامین این منابع مشخص نیست.

آلبرت بغازیان ادامه داد: اگر گفته می‌شود که ماه گذشته پرداخت‌ها بدون خلق پول انجام شده این بدان معنا است که پیش از آن این کار صورت می‌گرفته است.

افزایش نقدینگی مسبب تورم

بغازیان با بیان اینکه خلق پول، نقدینگی را در اقتصاد افزایش می‌دهد و باعث تورم می‌شود، افزود: در صورتی که ماه گذشته پرداخت‌های دولت بدون خلق پول و با استفاده از درآمدها و ذخیره‌ها بوده است.

به گفته این استاد دانشگاه، این کار می‌تواند مانع از وخیم‌ شدن شرایط اقتصادی شود. وزیر اقتصاد هم در این خصوص تاکید کرده که سرعت افزایش‌ها قیمت‌ها را کم می‌کنیم تا به تدریج این رشد متوقف شود.

وی ادامه داد: با جلوگیری از خلق پول، رشد نقدینگی در کشور کنترل شده و شتاب رشد تورم منفی می‌شود.

اولویت اصلی برای اصلاح ساختار بودجه

بغازیان اولویت اصلی برای اصلاح ساختار بودجه برای سال آینده را تثبیت نرخ ارز دانست و گفت: نوسان قیمت ارز و روند صعودی آن باعث چسبندگی قیمت‌ها به بالا می‌شود و از همین رو تولیدکنندگان حاضر نیستند قیمت‌های خود را کاهش دهند بنابراین این مساله باید حل شود تا بتوان درباره ساختار بودجه تصمیم گرفت.

به گزارش ایرنا، پیش از این نیز رییس سازمان برنامه بودجه گفته بود که به دلیل کسری بودجه و عدم تحقق برنامه‌ها، خلق پول افسار گسیخته اتفاق افتاده و این امر تورم بالا و در نتیجه پایین آمدن سطح معیشت مردم را در پی داشته است.

در سنوات گذشته به دلیل کسری بودجه و عدم تحقق برنامه‌ها خلق پول افسار گسیخته اتفاق افتاده و این مهم تورم بالا بر اقتصاد تحمیل کرده و سطح معیشت مردم پایین آمده است. در مناطق محروم افزایش قیمت کالا از متوسط کشور هم بالاتر است، این درحالی است که درآمد این بخش جامعه از شرایط مطلوب و قابل قبولی برخوردار نیست.

image_print
شاید این موارد نیز مورد علاقه شما باشد
ضرب الاجل رئیس جمهور برای مقابله
آیا واکسیناسیون نوجوانان عوارضی به همراه دارد؟
«برنامه های روشنگرِ مسیر حق از باطل باید گسترش یابد»
همه چیز درگروی جهت گیری اقتصادی دولت سیزدهم
اصول یافتن عشق تا تکنیک‌های رهایی از عشق نافرجام
تولید خودرو متعلق به ذات اقتصاد ایران نیست
با حضور مدیرکل حفظ آثار و نشر ارزش‌های دفاع مقدس خراسان رضوی در کتابخانه مرکزی امام خمینی(قدس سره) برگزار شد
بساط نجومی بگیران را جمع کنید
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