شیوع کرونا؛ خطر گسترش نابرابری آموزشی

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با جهانی شدن شیوع کرونا، آموزش و پرورش مانند نهاد اقتصاد و دیگر نهادهای اجتماعی دچار سکته ای ناگهانی و باورنکردنی شده است. به ناگاه بیش از ۱٫۵ میلیارد دانش آموز (معادل ۹۰ درصد کل دانش آموزان) از تحصیل بازمانده اند و دولت ها، مدارس و معلمان بدون تقریبا هیچ نوع آمادگی به دنبال برپا کردن آموزش از راه دور برای جبران هستند. یک مدیر مدرسه در ایالت ماساچوست وضعیت امروز آموزش از راه دور در مدارس را همچون ساختن هواپیمایی که در آسمان قرار دارد توصیف کرده است. این سخن نشان می دهد که بیشتر کشورها آمادگی لازم برای آموزش های مجازی را ندارند.

فعال مدنی و عضو هیات مدیره انجمن دوستداران کودک پویش گفت: تجربه دو ماهه معلمان و دانش آموزان ایرانی از آموزش در دوران فاصله گذاری اجتماعی هنوز تکمیل نگردیده و به طور کامل ثبت و ارزیابی نشده است ولی مشاهدات اولیه نشان از آن دارد که این دوران به شکاف آموزشی در کشور دامن خواهد زد.

به گزارش صبح امروز، جلال کریمیان افزود: هر چند مسئولان کشور ارقامی بالای ۹۰ درصد درباره دسترسی به آموزش از راه دور ارائه می دهند، در عمل امکان دسترسی به آموزش مجازی، به هیچ وجه معادل دریافت آموزش مناسب نیست. آموزش مجازی نیاز به پیش نیازها و روش تدریسی ویژه دارد که در نقاط زیادی ازکشور  این شرایط فراهم نیست.

وی تصریح کرد:دسترسی به تلفن هوشمند یا تلویزیون به معنای دسترسی دانش آموز به محتوای آموزشی نیست. قیمت بالای اینترنت برای بسیاری از مناطق دور از مرکز کشور و نیاز به حجم بالا و پرسرعت اینترنت برای استفاده از محتوای ویدئویی عملا دانش آموزان را از دسترسی رایگان و بی دردسر به آموزش محروم کرده است.

آموزش غیر تعاملی و یک طرفه

کریمیان بیان کرد: عمده آموزش های از راه دور فعلی غیرتعاملی و یک طرفه اند و بر اساس دستورالعمل های حرفه ایِ آموزش از راه دور انجام نمی شوند. فرآیند ۱) آموزش اولیه، ۲) دریافت بازخورد و ۳) تکمیل آموزش بیانگر مراحلی است که برای اثربخشی آموزش از راه دور باید عملی گردد ولی بیشتر آموزش های فعلی به همان مرحله اول محدود می شوند.

وی ابراز کرد: بخش زیادی از دانش آموزان تمرکز کافی برای پیوستن به جریان آموزش مجازی را ندارند و خانواده ها نیز نمی توانند آنان را مجبور به این کار بکنند. این مسئله به خصوص گریبان دانش آموزان ضعیف تر را می گیرد و موجب عقب ماندن مضاعف آن ها از جریان آموزش می گردد.

وی تاکید کرد: اولا هر چند گسترش شبکه تلفن همراه و دسترسی به تلفن های هوشمند شرایط نسبی خوبی را در ایران برای ارائه خدمات آموزش از راه دور فراهم کرده است، اما هنوز امکان دسترسی واقعی به این آموزش ها برای درصد زیادی از دانش آموزان به دلایل مختلف (از جمله رایگان نبودن) فراهم نیست. در ثانی عمده آموزش های از راه دور در ایران تعاملی و روشمند نیست و بازدهی بسیار پایینی دارد؛ لذا نمی توان آن را جایگزین آموزش حضوری دانست.

گسترش نابرابری

کریمیان تبیین کرد: به دلایلی که ذکر آن رفت آموزش عمومی در دوران شیوع کرونا در ایران با خطر بزرگ گسترش نابرابری آموزشی مواجه است. بسیاری از مدارس غیر دولتی و بعضا دولتی در شهرهای بزرگ زیرساخت های تعاملی آموزش از راه دور را به بهترین شکل فراهم نموده اند و دانش آموزان این مدارس کمترین آسیب را از تعطیلی اجباری مدارس خواهند دید. در مقابل علی رغم تلاش معلمان برای تولید محتوای آموزشی، خیل عظیمی از دانش آموزان مدارس دولتی به آموزش درخوری در این ایام دسترسی نخواهند داشت. بدین خاطر سیاستگذاران آموزش کشور باید بدانند آمار رسمی اعلامی درباره دسترسی به آموزش از راه دور اعدادی بیش نیستند و در پس آن ها جمع زیادی دانش آموزان آموزش ندیده قربانی بی توجهی ها و کاستی ها خواهند شد. همچنین باید توجه داشت که هر چند بر خلاف معیشت مردم، آموزش مدرسه ای را می توان به تعویق انداخت، لیکن افت تحصیلی دانش آموزان در این دوره و شکاف آموزشی پیش رونده میان دارا و ندا به سادگی قابل جبران نیست.

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