ورزش و حیطههای اثر گذار
تأثیر ورزش بر حافظه
مدتهاست که فواید ورزش برای قلب و عروق شناخته شده است. اما امروزه مشخص شده است که ورزش برای کل بدن حتی مغز سودمند است. ورزش جریان خون را در کل بدن افزایش میدهد و بالطبع جریان خون در مغز نیز افزایش مییابد. به نظر میرسد افزایش جریان خون در مغز فرایند از دست رفتن بافت سلولی مغز را که در حدود ۴۰ سالگی شروع میشود کند نماید. محققان هنوز مطمئن نیستند که میزان مورد نیاز ورزش برای بهتر شدن حافظه چقدر است، اما چیزی که میدانیم این است که حتی مقدار بسیار کم ورزش و فعالیت فیزیکی میتواند به بهتر شدن حافظه شما کمک کند و این تأثیر وقتی بیشتر میشود که بطور مرتب و حداقل سه بار در هفته ورزش کنید.
تحقیقات دانشگاه علوم تندرستی اورگان در آمریکا نشان داد، سالمندانی که یک برنامه تمرینی شامل راه رفتن سریع بر روی نوار گردان را سه بار در هفته و به مدت یک ساعت، در طول چهار ماه انجام دادند حافظه و زمان واکنش آنها، بهبود یافته بود. تحقیقات بیشتر نشان داد که آهسته دویدن، راهپیمایی، دوچرخه سواری و حرکات موزون نیز مانند راه رفتن سریع موجب بهبود حافظه و زمان واکنش در سالمندان میشود. پژوهشگران همچنین دریافتند سالمندانی که در یک برنامه تمرینی قدرتی و انعطافی به مدت یک ساعت، ۳ بار در هفته و در طول ۴ ماه شرکت کردند عملکردشان در اجرای آزمونهای حافظه بهبود یافت. اگرچه این گونه بهبود حافظه بیشتر در سالمندانی که تمرینات هوازی انجام دادند رخ داد اما تحقیقات بیشتر نشان داده است که هیچ تمرین ورزشی نسبت به تمرینهای ورزشی دیگر از لحاظ تأثیر بر حافظه برتری ندارد. به عبارت دیگر بین ورزشهای مختلف از حیث تأثیر بر حافظه تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده نمیشود. در نتیجه تمرینات ورزشی مداوم، میزان جریان خون در مغز افزایش مییابد، افزایش جریان خون موجب اکسیژن رسانی و تغذیه بهتر نرونهای مغز شده و از تنگ شدن عروق مغز جلوگیری میکند. این تأثیرات خود موجب پیشگیری از فراموشی و زوال توانمندیهای ذهنی در سالمندی میشود. تمرینات ورزشی همچنین موجب آزادسازی نوعی فاکتور رشد میشود که میتواند نرونها را در مقابل آسیب و صدمه مقاوم نموده و از بروز بیماریهای آلزایمر و پارکینسون تا حدودی جلوگیری کند.
تأثیر ورزش در زندگی اجتماعی
بشر طبیعتا موجودی اجتماعی است که میخواهد با دیگران رابطه برقرار کند و دیگران هم به طور متقابل با او ارتباط داشته باشند. این غریزه اجتماعی را میتوانند از طریق ورزش بر آورده ساخت. با ورزش در زمینه نیل به ارزشهای اجتماعی دیگری همچون کار گروهی، وفاداری و روحیه ورزشکاری میتوان توفیق یافت. محیط صمیمانه و مطلوب ورزشی اغلب فرصتی مناسب برای ایجاد روابط انسانی و شکل گیری روحیات است و محیط ورزشی مناسب باعث میشود زنان و دختران که کم رو هستند به این گروههای ورزشی روی آورند تا بتوانند از این طریق با افراد ارتباط برقرار کرده و همچنین در زندگی روزانه خویش با افراد مختلف سازگاری بهتری حاصل نمایند.
تأثیر ورزش در خانواده
سلامت هر یک از اعضای خانواده به ویژه زن، مستقیما بر تصویر کلی سلامت خانواده تاثیر میگذارد. نگرش کلی زن نسبت به جسم و عملکرد فیزیکی بدنش در نگرشهای کلی او تاثیر مستقیم دارد، زیرا سلامت جسم و روان او، روابط اجتماعی وی با دیگران را شکل میدهد. امنیت عاطفی او بر امنیت کل خانواده میافزاید و بهترین نشانه رشد و پختگی عاطفی او بر هوش و توانایی سازگاری با موفقیتهای جدید، هنگام مواجهه با فشارها و ناراحتیها با حداقل آسیب پذیری فردی و گروهی است.
تامین بهداشت جسم و روان برای زنانی که در مراحل مختلف زندگی مراحلی چون بارداری، زایمان و از همه مهمتر پرورش و تربیت فرزندان را پشت سر میگذارند از اهمیتی والا برخوردار است. شخصیت کودک با نگرشهای مادر در دوران بارداری آغاز و از آن پس در آغوش و در کنار او از نظر جسمانی، روانی، اخلاقی، اجتماعی و معنوی رشد و تکامل مییابد.
بدون شک مادر سالم و با نشاط بهتر از انجام این مسئولیت بر میآید و خود نیز الگوی عملی و طبیعی سالمتری برای فرزندان خویش خواهد بود. زنان با ورزش کردن میتوانند خصوصیات رفتاری، اخلاقی و شخصیتی مطلوب برای یک زندگی سالم و شاداب را کسب کنند.
ادامه دارد..
انتهای خبر/
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