قصه تلخ «آنفلوآنزا» و تبعات آن
شدت شیوع آنفلوآنزای فوق حاد پرندگان در سالجاری بیشتر از سال گذشته بود به نحوی که طبق اعلام سازمان دامپزشکی تا امروز بیش از ۱۷ میلیون قطعه طیور معدوم شده است و این روند همچنان ادامه داد. تعداد تلافات و شدت خسارات این بیماری در سالجاری سوالاتی را در ذهن ایجاد می کند که پاسخ به آن ها با توجه به سهم بزرگ صنعت طیور در اقتصاد کشور اهمیت زیادی دارد
آنفلوآنزای فوق حاد پرندگان بیماری عفونی مشترک بین انسان و دام است که به دو شکل ملایم و کشنده تظاهر می کند. شکل ملایم بیماری معمولا قابل تشخیص نیست و با گذشت زمان بهبود می یابد اما در شکل کشنده علائم کاملا مشخصی دارد. این بیماری به شدت مسری است و در مدت کوتاهی میزان مرگ و میر ناشی از آن بسیار بالا می رود.
آنفلوآنزای فوق حاد پرندگان تا قبل از سال 2005 به صورت جدی در دنیا مطرح نبود اما از این سال به بعد ویروس این بیماری به طور ناگهانی و پیش بینی نشده جهش یافت و ابتدا تعداد زیادی از پرندگان وحشی و سپس اهلی را مبتلا کرد و مواردی نیز از ابتلا انسانی و مرگ بر اثر این بیماری در سراسر جهان گزارش شد. در ایران نیز بیماری آنفلونزای فوق حاد پرندگان ناشی از تحت تیپ H5N1 برای اولین بار در بهمن ماه سال 1384 در قوهای وحشی تالاب بندر انزلی گزارش شد و هم اکنون در سراسر ایران وجود دارد.
از اولین مشاهد این بیماری تا امروز هر ساله تعداد زیادی از طیور کشور به دلیل ابتلا به آن حذف و معدوسازی می شوند اما امسال برخلاف انتظار تعداد تلفات مرغ تخمگذار کشور افزایش یافت و این تلفات همچنان ادامه دارد.
در سالجاری نیز به دلیل شیوع این بیماری در کشور نزدیک به 18 میلیون قطعه طیور حذف شده است. این تعداد معدوم سازی در حالی است که سال گذشته وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی در گزارشی تعداد کانون های آلوده به پرندگان بالغ بر 138 کانون و تعداد پرندگان معدومسازی شده را بیش از ۵ میلیون قطعه عنوان کرد. به عبارت دیگر خسارات در سالجاری بیش از دو برابر سال گذشته است و به اذعان رئیس کمیسیون کشاورزی اتاق بازرگانی این بیماری تا امروز خسارتی معادل یک هزار و 500 میلیارد تومان برای مرغداران به همراه داشته است، ضمن اینکه باید هزینه ی که به مصرف کننده و کشور برای واردات تخم مرغ وارد شد را نیز باید در نظر گرفت.
زیان حاصل از این تعداد معدوم سازی و نتایج آن بر اقتصاد کشور سوالاتی ایجاد می کند که پاسخ به آن ها ضروری است. سوال اول اینکه، با وجود قابل پیش بینی بودن شیوع آنفلوآنزا چرا تمهیدات لازم پیش بینی نشد؟ سوال بعد اینکه، با توجه به اهیمت اطلاع رسانی دلیل تعلل در اعلام آمار دقیق چه بود؟ و مهمترین سوال اینکه چه ارگان یا ارگان های مسئول این اتفاق هستند و چه کسی باید پاسخگوی نتایج سنگین شیوع بیماری آنفلو آنزای فوق حاد پرندگان برای تولید کننده ، مصرف کننده و در نهایت اقتصاد کشور باشد؟
بیماری های مسری تکرار شونده معمولا در زمان و مناطق خاص ( که اصلاحا کانون بیماری گفته می شود) اتفاق می افتند و قابل پیش بینی است. بر همین اساس ارگان های مسئول تمهیدات لازم برای را پایش، کنترل و مبازره با این بیماری ها می بینند. با توجه به اطلاع از شیوع این بیماری ها، در اولین مورد از مشاهده بیماری مسری اطلاع رسانی به هر گروهی که در معرض خطر قرار دارد ضروری است چرا که این امکان را ایجاد می کند تا آمادگی برای مقابله افزایش یابد.
در مورد بیماری آنفلوآنزا فوق حاد پرندگان نیز این موضوعات صدق می کند چرا که هر ساله با شروع فصل سرما و مهاجرت پرندگان احتمال شیوع آنفلوآنزا فوق حاد پرندگان افزایش پیدا می کند و اطلاع رسانی به موقع در مورد این بیماری می تواند تا حد زیادی به آمادگی مرغداران برای مقابله با این بیماری و انجام اقدامات بهداشتی لازم کمک کند.
بر اساس قانون، وظیفه انجام این اقدامات اولیه و بدیع در مواجه با بیماری مسری آنفلوآنزا فوق حاد پرندگان بر عهده سازمان دامپزشکی کشور است. این سازمان موظف است ضوابط امنیت زیستی و اصول بهداشتی را برای مقابله با بیماری های مسری پیش بینی کند و به موقع گزارش تلفات را ارائه دهد و اطلاعات کافی را در اختیار گروه خطر قرار دهد.
با این اوصاف می توان گفت بیشترین مسئولیت خساراتی که به مرغداران و اقتصاد کشور وارده شده است متوجه سازمان دامپزشکی کشور است.
منبع: اقتصاد آنلاین
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