بیش فعالی در پسران ۹ برابر بیشتر از دختران است
عضو هیات علمی گروه روانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد با اشاره به اینکه اختلال بیش فعالی و کم توجهی دارای یک الگوی رفتاری شامل کاهش توجه پایدار، بیش فعالی و رفتارهای تکانشی است، گفت: میزان شیوع این بیماری در پسرها ۲ تا ۹ برابر دخترها دیده شده است.
دکتر ابراهیم عبداللهیان تصریح کرد: اگر چه سن شیوع این اختلال به طور معمول تا سه سالگی است اما در بیشتر مواقع تا زمانی که کودک وارد محیط سازمان یافته مدرسه، آمادگی یا کودکستان نشده تشخیص گذاری نمی شود.
این فوق تخصص روان پزشكي كودكان ونوجوانان؛ در رابطه با علت این بیماری افزود: در حال حاضر اعتقاد بر این است که هیچ عامل واحدی مسئول بروز این اختلال نیست، هر چند متغیرهای محیطی و ژنتیکی زیادی ممکن است در آن نقش داشته باشند.
ابراهیم عبداللهیان گفت: از علل مستعد کننده قوی برای رشد اختلال بیش فعالی و کم توجهی می‌توان به عوامل ژنتیک، عوامل مربوط به رشد همچون مواجهه پیش از تولد مادر با عفونت‌های زمستانی در سه ماهه نخست بارداری، آسیب مغزی احتمالی، عوامل عصبی شیمیایی و عوامل روانی اجتماعی اشاره کرد.
وی در خصوص علائم این بیماری عنوان کرد: این اختلال ممکن است در دوران شیرخواری آغاز شود، هر چند به ندرت تا قبل از نوپایی تشخیص داده می‌شود. شیرخواران مبتلا به این اختلال نسبت به محرک حساسند و تحت تاثیر صدا، نور، حرارت و سایر تغییرات محیطی خیلی زود ناراحت می‌شوند.
دانشیار گروه روانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد در ادامه افزود: در مدرسه کودکان مبتلا ممکن است به سرعت پاسخ دادن به سوالات امتحانی را شروع کنند، اما پس از پاسخ دادن به یکی دو سوال دست از فعالیت بردارند. ممکن است نتوانند منتظر نوبت خود شوند، اغلب تحریک پذیرند و از نظر هیجانی بی ثبات بوده و به آسانی خنده یا گریه سر می‌دهند.
دکتر عبداللهیان افزود: حدود ۷۵درصد کودکان مبتلا علائم پرخاشگرانه و نافرمانی را به طور نسبتا ثابتی نشان می‌دهند، حواس پرتی و نوسان توجه در این کودکان سبب کندی یادگیری، ذخیره سازی و ابزار معلومات می‌شود.
این فوق تخصص روان پزشكي كودكان ونوجوانان درزمینه راهکارهای درمانی این اختلال افزود: دارو درمانی خط اول درمان بیش فعالی و کم‌توجهی محسوب می‌شود. که در این میان داروهای متعددی در درمان این اختلال موثر است که مهمترین آنها متیل فنیدیت(ریتالین) با نام ایرانی استیمدیت است.
وی افزود: باید توجه داشت که مصرف دارو به تنهایی، غالبا نمی تواند نیازهای جامع درمانی کودکان مبتلا به این اختلال را برآورده سازد و فقط یک جنبه از برنامه چند وجهی درمان محسوب می شود.
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