توانایی‌هایی که در اوج معلولیت شکوفا می‌شوند

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شنوايى مهمترين حس در انسان است که بطور مستقيم در شكل‌گيرى زبان و همچنين ايجاد تفكر در فرد تاثير مي‌گذارد. اختلال در شنوايى، عدم شكل گيرى كامل زبان و در پى آن تفكر را در پى خواهد داشت و اختلال در گفتار منجر به عدم برقرارى ارتباط صحيح با اعضاى جامعه و حتى خانواده فرد ناشنوا يا كم‌شنوا خواهد شد.
ناشنوايى، سخت‌ترين نوع معلوليت در جهان است که  معلوليت پنهان ناميده مي‌شود. فرد ناشنوا از همان ابتداى كودكى با مشكلات فراوان رو به روست. ناشنوايى يا كم‌شنوايى نوعى اختلال در سيستم شنوايى فرد است؛ اين نوع عارضه ممكن است مادرزادى يا اكتسابى باشد.
مهمترين مشكل ناشنوايان برقرارى ارتباط با ديگران است، البته ناشنوايان على‌رغم اختلال در شنوايى از تمام ظرفيت‌هاى موجود خود براى برقرارى ارتباط با ديگران استفاده مي‌كنند.
این افراد، نهايت تلاش خود را براى محقق شدن اين امر مهم به كار مي‌گيرند، اما لازم به ذكر است كه ارتباط به درستى برقرار نخواهد شد، مگر اينكه بستر مناسب براى ارتباط در جامعه فراهم شود. راه حل نيز شناخت اعضاى جامعه نسبت به زبان و فرهنگ ناشنوا و همچنين به رسميت شناختن زبان اشاره و سعى در آموزش زبان اشاره به عموم مردم است.
نکته مهم اینجاست که به رسميت شناختن زبان اشاره به معناى قبول حضور و وجود ناشنوايان در جامعه است؛ اين خود به معناى پیگيرى و بررسى جدى مشكلات و مسائل ناشنوايان است. اگر بخواهيم به مشكلات ناشنوايان اشاره‌اى داشته باشيم، مي‌توانيم به مشكلات درمان، تهيه سمعك، باترى سمعك كاشت حلزون و… اشاره کرد. همچنین آماده‌سازى ناشنوايان براى ورود به جامعه، يادگيرى و آموزش، استفاده از رسانه و برنامه‌هاى صداو سيما، مشكلات تحصيلى بخصوص در زمان كرونا برقرارى ارتباط به ويژه در دوران كرونا، برقرارى ارتباط هنگام مراجعه به مراكز درمانى و بيمارستان‌ها به دليل وجود ماسك، مشكل در استفاده از خدمات عمومى، رفاهى، مراكز تفريحى و تجارى، اشتغال، مسكن و… اشاره كرد.
اما برای این معضلات، چه راهکارهایی تاثیرگذار است؟
باید توجه داشت حضور رابط يا مترجم زبان اشاره حداقل در روزهاى خاصى از هفته در مراكز درمانى و بيمارستان‌ها، ساخت اپليكيشن‌ها و برنامه‌هايی جهت استفاده از خدمات اجتماعى و رفاهى براى ناشنوايان، استفاده از روش‌هاى تشويقى براى اداره، سازمان‌ها، شركت‌هاى خصوصى و دولتى كه حداقل بخشى از نيروى كار خود را از افراد ناشنوا تامين مي‌كنند.
قرار دادن دوره‌هاى فشرده زبان اشاره براى كارمندان بخش‌هاى دولتى و خصوصى كه نيروى کار ناشنوا دارند جهت برقرارى ارتباط بهتر و مؤثرتر.
شناخت، توجه، پرورش استعدادها و قابليت‌هاى ناشنوايان و هدايت آن‌ها به سمت شكوفايى و استفاده از آن‌ها جهت رشد فردى و جمعى.
ارائه خدمات و امتيازاتى به ناشنوايان كارآفرين. مهمترين كار در زمينه حل مشكلات ناشنوايان كمك و راهنمايى گرفتن از خود ناشنوايان است.
لازم به ذكر است كه علاوه بر ارائه خدمات و حل مشكلات ناشنوايان تأكيد بر عزت نفس و ارتقا اعتماد به نفس و شكوفايى استعدادهاى آن ضرورى است.
باید توجه داشت که بخشى از جمعيت هر جامعه‌اى(شهرى) را ناشنوايان تشكيل مي‌دهند كه اگر بخواهيم حضور و توانايى‌هاى اين افراد را ناديده بگيريم مشخص است كه ضرر خواهيم كرد؛ چرا كه ناشنوا و يا هر فرد داراى معلوليت با وجود معلوليت، توانايى‌هاى بسيار ديگرى دارد كه مي‌تواند به رشد شكوفايى و تحول شهر و جامعه كمك کند و در كنار آن كيفيت زندگى خود را نيز ارتقا بدهد.

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