«عشق»، زیر تیغ نقد
مرتضی مردیها در کتاب «در دفاع از سیاست» در بخشی که با نام «در نقد عشق» است با نگاهی انتقادی به «عشق» دریچههای جدید از فهم این مفهوم را میگشاید. نگاه او به این مقوله انتقادی است و او اعتقاد دارد با وجود تاریخچه مفصلی که حقانیت عشق دارد، این مفهوم را با نگاهی انتقادی میتوان نگریست و با نقد آن به فهمی جدید از آن رسید. او در مقالهاش مینویسد: «منظورم از این واژه (عشق) رابطهای است سراسر کشش و خواهش میان انسانی با انسانی یا حیوانی یا شیئی؛ که عموما خواهان را عاشق و خوانده را معشوق و خواسته را وصال مینامند؛ و نشانه صدق آن این است که عاشق با داشتن معشوق، یا با امید آن، خود را صاحب همه چیز میبیند، حتی اگر هیچش نباشد و با نداشتن آن خود را صاحب هیچ نمیبیند، حتی اگر همه چیزش باشد؛ و دیگر اینکه بسا عیوب معشوق که نمیبیند و یا خوبی میبیند؛ و نیز که در این خواستن خود را محق میداند و مهابا نمیکند و نصیحت نمیشنود و شراکت نمیپذیرد؛ و از این میان رابطه عاشقی میان انسان با انسان، و از آن، رابطه مرد و زن مهمتر و مشهودتر و مشکلتر است.»
مردیها ادامه میدهد: «عشق رمانتیک زیباست، اما عمری کوتاه دارد. در بهترین حالت به محبتی پایدار بدل میشود و در بدترین حالت به کینهای پایدار. لاجرم عشق را بیشتر شبیه خوارخواری شتر میبینیم که دردی را برای مستی تحمل میکند. عشقهای زیبای دوسویه دروغهای قشنگاند و اگر راست باشند جوانمرگاند. خسرو عاشق شیرین نبود، شیرین عاشق او بود. شیرین عاشق فرهاد نبود، فرهاد عاشق او بود. از این عشقهای یکسویه عالمی بر آتش است. برای فرار از این سوختن بیامان است که عاشقان به تلقین دورغ رو میکنند.»
«عشق تنها بهانه زندگی است، چون در غیاب آن، خرد دورنمایی برهوتآسا، سرد و سیاه و گنگ نشان میدهدکه به سادگی، ترسناک و ناخوشایند است. هم از این رو توصیه میشود که سخن از مطرب و می گوی و راز دهر کمتر جو/ که کس نگشود و نگشاید به حکمت این معما را.» با این حال مردیها معتقد است: «عشق همه چیز است. چون آدمی اول و بالذات، کنشگر معرفتی نیست، کنشگر غریزی است؛ جویای درک نیست، جستجوگر لذت است؛ و چه لذتی بالاتر از عشقسازی؟… عشق، بیحساب، زیبا و خواستنی است چون میل ما به زیبایی و خواستن و خواستهشدن، بیحساب است. اما این بزرگی و سترگی و حتی تقدس عشق، مانع از این نیست که قصه عشق، قصه دانه و دام باشد. عشق کلاسیک رومانتیک، بسا که سرخوردن است درون رودی وحشی در درهستری با شیب تند و هزارچمنی سنگلاخ، که در هر تصادمش بخشی از دیواره روان تن خراش برمیدارد و عاقبت هم همچون در پارهای نمایشهای اکشن، به آبشاری بلند منتهی میشود…
مردیها با مقدمه چنین مینویسد: «به گمان من، در چشمانداز یک فلسفه تاریخ لیبرالی، گرچه عشق کماکان بهانه زندگی است و گرچه خوشه پروین است تا زورق تهدیدشده در شب تاریک و بیم موج و گردابی چنین حائل را، اگرنه راه نماید به زیبایی و شکوه خود سرگرم کند. باری به تدریج دنیا از عشق مجنون فاصله میگیرد؛ چرا که دنیای معاصر احتیاط محور است و در این راستا، هر چه پیشتر رود،توصیههای ایمنی را بیش از پیش جدی میگیرد و عشق کامل نمونه کامل بیاحتیاطی است.
ادامه دارد…
از کتاب: در دفاع از سیاست/ فصل آخر
مولف: مرتضی مردیها
خلاصهبرداری شده توسط: نوید موسوی
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