اثرات یک مصوبه تجاری که هنوز به اجرا نرسیده است؛
آینده مبهم بازار موبایل وارداتی
چندی پیش وزارت صمت اعلام کرد که فعلا حقوق ورودی در همه بخشها مشابه سال ۱۳۹۹ و با نرخ ارز ۴۲۰۰ تومان اخذ میشود و این وزارتخانه به دنبال کاهش سود بازرگانی برای جبران گرانی ناشی از این مصوبه است. در این بین برخی بر این باورند که انتظارات تورمی ناشی از این مصوبه هنوز در بخشهای مختلف وجود دارد، چراکه این موضوع طیف وسیعی از تولیدکنندگان و وارد کنندگان را به واکنش وادار کرد و اعتراضات زیادی به دنبال داشت.
آخرین اعتراض نیز مربوط به دبیر انجمن واردکنندگان موبایل، تبلت و لوازم جانبی است که میگوید قانون گمرکی اجازه داده اگر تا شش ماه تغییر ویژهای در قانون انجام شود و تعرفهها کاهش یا افزایش یابد، بتواند مابهالتفاوت آن را از واردکنندگان دریافت کنند که این مسئله نگرانیهایی در بین آنها ایجاد کرده است.
نگاهی به دو مصوبه سال جاری که بازار موبایل را تحت تاثیر قرار داد
به گزارش روزنامه «صبح امروز» و به نقل از ایسنا، دو مصوبه در سال جاری قیمت و بازار موبایل را تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. در اولی با مصوبه مجلس شورای اسلامی مقرر شد سود بازرگانی واردات تجاری موبایل بالای ۶۰۰ دلاری از یک به هشت درصد افزایش یافته و با احتساب چهار درصد حقوق و عوارض گمرکی، تعرفه واردات از ۵ به ۱۲ درصد افزایش خواهد یافت. همچنین بند (و) تبصره ۷ قانون بودجه امسال محل افزایش درآمد دولت از محل عوارض گمرکی است.
طبق این مصوبه، نرخ ارز محاسبه ارزش گمرکی کالاهای وارداتی به استثنای کالاهای اساسی، دارو و تجهیزات مصرفی پزشکی در سال ۱۴۰۰ در همه موارد از جمله محاسبه حقوق ورودی، براساس برابری نرخ سامانه ای. تی. اس بانک مرکزی در روز اظهار بوده که نرخی نزدیک به بازار است.
مصوبه دوم طیف وسیعی از تولیدکنندگان و وارد کنندگان را تحت تاثیر قرار میدهد و اعتراضات زیادی به دنبال داشت. تا اینکه در نهایت، مدیرکل دفترخدمات بازرگانی وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت (صمت) گفت که دولت به دنبال اضافه کردن اصلاحیه یا متممی به قانون بودجه کشور در رابطه با حقوق ورودی است تابتواند سود بازرگانی را طوری کاهش دهد که افزایش قیمت ناشی از بالا رفتن حقوق ورودی در پی اجرای مصوبه مجلس کمتر شود. هر چند گفتوگو با فعالان صنفی مختلف نشان میدهد این مصوبه همچنان انتظارات تورمی را در بین آنها ایجاد کرده و آنها امید چندانی به تغییر آن دارند.
دولت میخواهد نرخ ارز به ثبات برسد و بعد این قانون را اجرا کند
در این رابطه دبیر انجمن واردکنندگان موبایل اظهار کرد: پیشنهاد شده بود که برای موبایل های بالای ۶۰۰ دلار تعرفه مجزا اعمال شود و در حال حاضر بر اساس نرخ ارز ۴۲۰۰ تومانی با تعرفه ۱۲ درصد وارد میشوند. این تعرفه برای سایر موبایلها پنج درصد است. این تعرفه شامل حقوق، عوارض، سود بازرگانی و تعرفه گمرکی است.
امیر اسحاقی با بیان اینکه «تغییر ارز مبنای حقوق گمرکی در قانون بودجه آمده و به احتمال زیاد اجرایی خواهد شد» گفت: دولت فعلاً این مصوبه را برای هیچ گروه کالایی اجرا نکرده است. بنابراین در حال حاضر مبنای دریافت حقوق ورودی برای همه کالاها ارز ۴۲۰۰ تومانی است. نرخ ارز نیمایی در حال حاضر بیش از ۲۱ هزار تومان است که نسبت به ماه قبل کاهش داشته است. بنابراین به نظر میرسد دولت میخواهد نرخ ارز به ثبات برسد یا حتی به نرخ پیش بینی شده در قانون بودجه نزدیک شود و بعد این قانون را اجرا کند.
تخفیف خیلی ویژه در سود بازرگانی ممکن است افزایش قیمت را جبران کند
به گفته دبیر انجمن واردکنندگان موبایل، اعمال این مصوبه قطعا موجب افزایش قیمت خواهد شد، مگر اینکه دولت تخفیف خیلی ویژهای در سود بازرگانی کالاهای مختلف در نظر گیرد تا بخشی از افزایش قیمت را پوشش دهد.
وی در پاسخ به سوالی درباره مصوبه اخیر که بر اساس آن دریافت تعهدنامه از واردکنندگان برای دریافت مابهالتفاوت در صورت اجرای قانون یاد شده لغو شد، تصریح کرد: ماده ۱۳۵ قانون گمرکی اجازه داده اگر تا شش ماه تغییر ویژهای در قانون انجام شود و تعرفهها کاهش یا افزایش یابد بتواند مابه التفاوت آن را از وارد کنندگان دریافت کنند. بنابراین هر چند دریافت تعهدنامه مبنای درستی نداشت، دریافت نکردن آن هم مشکل را حل نمیکند. ضمن این که در گذشته هم تجربه دریافت مابه تفاوت از واردکنندگان وجود داشته است.
بنابراین به گفته دبیر انجمن واردکنندگان موبایل این شرایط و مبهم بودن آینده این احتمال را فراهم میکند که واردکنندگان برای مدتی است دست نگه دارند. هر چند با توجه به تعطیلی یک ماهه بازار، تعدد شرکتهای وارد کننده و بالا بودن سطح رقابت بین آنها با کمبود موبایل مواجه نخواهیم شد.
خطر قریبالوقوع کمبود عرضه
به گزارش روزنامه «صبح امروز» انتظار میرود دولت با توجه به نیاز جدی کاربران ایرانی به موبایل، اقدامات ویژهای برای حل مشکلات این حوزه انجام دهد تا با حل نگرانیهای واردکنندگان و همچنین تسهیل فرآیند واردات موبایل (تایید مجوزهای ثبت سفارش و سایر مجوزها و تخصیص سریع ارز)، موانع فعلی رفع و بازار از خطر قریبالوقوع کمبود عرضه دور بماند.
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