بستههای آموزشی کمکدرسی چه تبعاتی برای دانشآموزان به همراه خواهد داشت؟
کتابهایی که ویرانگرند!
سرویس اجتماعی
بیش از یک دهه است که کتابهای کمک درسی جای خود را در کنار کتابهای درسی مدارس پیدا کردهاند. اگر چه که این کتابهای آموزشی در اوایل ورود خود به بازار، مختص کنکور و چگونه تست زدن بودند، اما هر چه بیشتر گذشت و شیرینی طعم درآمدهای هنگفت آن زیر زبان متولیان تهیه و نشر این کتابها مزه کرد تلاش کردند تا هر روز مقاطع بیشتری را تحت سیطره محتوای آموزشی و تبلیغاتی خود قرار دهند. طوری که امروز این کتابها از ابتدای ورود کودک به دبستان وارد عرصه آموزش میشوند.
به گزارش روزنامه «صبح امروز» این شرایط منجر به فشارها زیادی بر دانشآموزان در مقاطع مختلف تحصیلی و از سویی دیگر خانوادههایی میشود که توان تأمین این محتوای آموزشی را برای فرزند خود ندارند. از سویی دیگر نبود این کتابها میتواند نوعی بیاعتمادبهنفسی در کسب آموزش را برای دانشآموز در مقابل همکلاسی خود که دارای این محتوای آموزشی ویژه است به وجود آورد. کتابهایی که به گفته وزیر آموزشوپرورش: «کتابهایی هستند که رویشان کنترل و فیلتری نیست اگر چه همه مجوز وزارت ارشاد را بر روی خود حمل میکنند».
اگرچه که چند سالی است متخصصان گوناگونی چون جامعهشناسان و روانشناسان بر آسیبهای این شیوه از آموزش در مدارس و تهیه این نوع محتوای آموزشی توسط مافیای این حوزه تأکید کردند، اما همچنان سردمداران آن، یکهتاز در این عرصه میتازند و تلاش میکنند تا با ایجاد خلاقیت در تولید محتوای آموزشی متقاضیان محصول خود را افزایش دهند.
معاون سابق آموزش متوسطه وزارت آموزشوپرورش هم نیز در این زمینه بیان کرده: «بسیاری از کتابهای کمک درسی مورد تایید آموزشوپرورش نیست و اینها در راستای کمک به کنکور هستند. بچهها را از دوران ابتدایی برای کنکور آماده میکنیم و این تأثیر نامطلوبی بر آنها و سیستم آموزشی ما خواهد گذاشت». فارغ از اینکه این نوع محتوای آموزش و سیستم آموزشی میتواند چه درآمدهای کلانی داشته باشد پرسش اصلی ما این است که دانشآموزانی که با این وضعیت و این هجم از اطلاعات آموزشی و کمکدرسی روبهرو هستند چه فشارهای روانی را متحمل میشوند؟ آیا چنین شرایط آموزشی میتواند در بلندمدت تبعات روانی را برای یک دانشآموز به همراه آورد؟
در این راستا با بهناز شیبانینوقابی روانکاو و هیپنوتراپ گفتوگو کردیم تا تبعات این نوع از سیستم آموزشی را بدانیم.
وی با بیان اینکه «تاثیر روانی تبلیغات آموزشی بصورت کتاب یا CD در بچههای دبستانی با توجه مجازی شدن آموزشهای مدارس در حال حاضر به لحاظ تحصیلی میتواند بسیار مفید باشد، اما اغراقهای تبلیغاتی موفقیتآمیز بودن این بستهها میتواند توقعات نابجایی را در والدین این کودکان برای دریافت موفقیت ایجاد کند» اظهار میکند: هرچند تحقیقات علمی زیادی وجود دارند که پیامها اعم از تصاویر، گفتهها، نوشتهها و… میتوانند بر ناقلان شیمیایی مغزی تأثیر بگذارند که این انتقالدهندههای شیمیایی نیز تأثیر انکارناپذیری در کنترل و هدایت رفتار داشته باشد.
تبلیغات و تأثیر آن بر احساس نیاز دانشآموزان به کتابهای آموزشی
به گفته این روانکاو، امروزه استفاده از روانشناسی تبلیغات برای هر محصولی از جمله محصولات آموزشی آنچنان محرکهایی را در سطح ناهشیار مخاطبان ایجاد میکند که در نتیجه آن مخاطب بدون آگاهی از حضور این محرکها تحت تاثیر قرار میگیرد. درواقع این دسته از محرکها اغلب تأثیر خود را از طریق هورمونهای غدد داخلی بر فرد جای میگذارند و احساس نیاز به این محصولات را تا به حدی در فرد ایجاد میکنند که گاهی دانشآموز نیاز کاذبی را در خود، برای تهیه این محصولات احساس میکند.
شیبانی در مورد تأثیر این کتابها بر اعتمادبهنفس دانشآموزان توضیح میدهد: اگر دانشآموزی توان خرید این بستههای آموزشی را نداشته باشد به گونهای دچار حس کمبود اعتمادبهنفس در برابر دانستههای خود خواهند شد. هرچند که اغلب این محصولات و بستهها خلاصه و یا تشریح شده همان کتابهای درسی هستند و هیچ اطلاعات اضافهای را به دانشآموز نخواهند داد.
این روانکاو با اشاره به راهکارهایی که میتواند از فشارهای روانی بر این دسته از دانشآموزان بکاهد، خاطرنشان میکند: اگر والدین اطلاعات مفید و برخوردی منطقی در برابر فرزندان خود نسبت به محتوای همسان این بستهها با کتابهای درسی در اختیار فرزندان خود بگذارند تاثیرات روانی منفی و حس نیاز کاذب را از ذهن و روان فرزند خویش پاک خواهند کرد.
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