قوری قلعه؛ عروس غارهای ایران
هانیه سادات جوشنی
غار قوری قلا یا قوری قلعه، بزرگترین غار آبی خاورمیانه با پیشینهٔ ۶۵ میلیون سال است، که در استان کرمانشاه قرار دارد. این غار در ۲۵ کیلومتری شهر روانسر، در دامنه کوه شاهو و مشرف بر جاده روانسر- پاوه و در همسایگی روستایی به همین نام قرار گرفتهاست.
طول این غار ۱۲ کیلومتر وعمق آن ۳۱۴۰ متر است و به عنوان یکی از هفت اثر طبیعی ملی ایران، به ثبت رسیدهاست. در سال ۱۳۵۵ یک گروه از غارشناسان انگلیسی و در سال ۱۳۵۶ گروه دیگری از غارنوردان فرانسوی بخشهایی از غار را به طول پانصدوپنجاه متر کشف کردند. در دهه ۱۳۶۰ نیز گروهی از غارنوردان کرمانشاهی بخشهای جدیدی از غار را تا عمق بیش از سه کیلومتر شناسایی کردند.
غار قوری قلعه یکی از زیباترین جاذبههای دیدنی و جهانگردیِ شهرستان روانسر است. عمق حوضچههای این غار به ۱۴ متر میرسد همچنین دمای درون غار ۷ تا ۱۱ درجه سانتی گراد است و دمای درونی غار درهمه ی فصلهای سال ثابت است. این اثر طبیعی دارای تالارهای زیبا در ۱۴۰۰ متری و ۵۰۰ متری به نامهای تالار مریم، تالار کوهان شتر، تالار مسیر برزخ، تالار بلور و تالار عروس است.
از لحاظ زیستشناسی، غار مسکن گونه نادری از خفاش به نام خفاش موش گوشی است. متأسفانه بازدیدهای کنترل نشده باعث آسیب فراوان به داخل غار شده و در جای جای دیوارهها میتوان یادگاری و شکستگی ها را دید.
در جریان بازسازی دهانه غار آثاری از اواخر دوره ساسانی در کف غار کشف شد که شامل هشت عدد ظرف نقرهای با نقش کبک و پرندگان شکاری و درنا، تکههای سفال و پانزده سکه ساسانی مربوط به یزدگرد سوم است. بر روی دو ظرف نیز کتیبههایی به خط پهلوی نوشته شده که توسط متخصصین ایرانی ترجمه شده است. ظروف نقره از نظر متخصصان ساخت منطقه اورامان بوده و جزو ظروف محلی است. غارهای اطراف قوری قلعه براساس مطالعات باستانشناسی از حدود ۵۰ تا ۱۲ هزار سال پیش مسکن شکارچیان عصر سنگ بوده است.
این غار ابتدا به عنوان اثر طبیعی ملی ایران توسط سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست جهت حفاظت زیستمحیطی ثبت شد، و سپس به عنوان ۵۴اُمین اثر ملی توسط سازمان میراث فرهنگی در ۲۷ اسفند ۱۳۸۷ در فهرست میراث طبیعی ایران قرار گرفت.
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it’s about fostering a connection with an entity that mirrors the essence of a real woman. High-quality sex dolls
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“It’s always better to try to communicate with the ‘I’ words rather than the ‘You’ words,“Try to describe your personal reaction and your personal feelings about certain situations instead of making accusations.エロ 人形
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and intimacy and touching exercises—without expectation for Regardless of the approach,a lot of the work in sex therapy is based on unpacking narratives and belief systems (such as religious-based shame and guilt).人形 エロ
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it compulsive sexual behavior often promotes sexual objectification of women and risky sexual behavior.ラブドール えろA recent study showed that consumption of pornography as part of compulsive sexual behavior predicted objectification of women over time by sexualizing women’s buttocks,
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direction in our career,managing our relationships with friends and family,えろ 人形
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Little white lies start adding up,and soon Jules discovers the truth.ダッチワイフ と は