شکل گیری اعتراضات در فاصله کمتر از یک هفته در دوکشور کلیدی برای ایران
تلاشی جدید برای تضعیف نفوذ ایران در منطقه
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روز جمعه سعد حریری، نخستوزیر لبنان در سخنانی پس از گذشت دو روز از تظاهرات مردمی این کشور علیه مصوبه مالیاتهای جدید و نابسامانی اوضاع معیشتی اعلام کرد به شرکایش در دولت 72 ساعت فرصت میدهد تا پیشنهادات خود برای برون رفت از بحران اقتصادی را ارائه دهند.
وی ضمن ابراز آمادگی برای کناره گیری از قدرت، افزود: من شخصا مهلت کوتاهی به خودم دادم. یا شرکای ما در حل و فصل مسائل و دولت پاسخی واضح، قاطع و نهایی به ما میدهند که من، لبنان و جامعه جهانی را متقاعد میکند که یک تصمیم برای اصلاح وجود دارد و یا حرف دیگری خواهم داشت.
پس از گذشت یک هفته از اعترضات مردمی در عراق، روز پنجشنبه شاهد شکل گیری اعتراضات مشابهی در لبنان بودیم. در این میان نکته مهمی که نباید فراموش کرد این است که این اعتراضات مردمی در عراق و لبنان به دلیل ناکامی دولت های بیروت و بغداد در اداره مسائل اقتصادی و تصمیمات و اقدامات اشتباهی است که تبعات منفی و نارضایتی های مردمی را در پی داشته است. با این وجود شکل گیری این اعتراضات، آن هم به فاصله کمتر از یک هفته در دو کشور کلیدی عراق و لبنان که به نوعی از ستون های اصلی حضور ایران در منطقه به شمار می روند، این ظن را ایجاد می کند که اگر چه در ظاهر این اعتراضات مردمی در این دو کشور به دلیل وضعیت نا بسامان اقتصادی و معیشتی و نیر فساد دولتی صورت گرفته است، اما می توان ردپایی از به آشوب کشیدن غرب آسیا نیز در این اعتراضات دید. به خصوص آن که راهپیمایی هزاران تن از شهروندان خشمگین لبنانی در بیروت و شهرهای دیگر این کشور که از روز پنج شنبه گذشته در اعتراض به تصمیم تازه دولت برای مالیات بستن بر روی مکالمات با پیامرسان واتساپ و برخی اپلیکیشنهای اینترنتی دیگر آغاز شد، رفته رفته به اعتراض سراسری علیه فساد در کشور بدل شد و رنگ خشونت به خود گرفت، به گونه ای که در لبنان به عنوان یکی از دموکرات ترین کشورهای غرب آسیا که آزادی بیان، اعتراض، انتقاد و آزادی عملکردهای مدنی در آن به شدت پررنگ است تا کنون این خشونت ها 2 کشته برجای گذاشته است. علیرغم آن که دولت سعد حریری، نخست وزیر لبنان در واکنشی انفعالی از تصمیم تازه خود نسبت به اجرایی شدن سیاست های جدید مالیاتی و اصلاحات اقتصادی در این کشور عقبنشینی کرده و به وزاری کابینه خود فرصت کوتاهی برای اصلاح ساختار اقتصادی مطابق با نظر مردم داده است، اما با توجه به برخی تحرکات جریان های سیاسی لبنانی در مدت اخیر، اینگونه بر می آید که در پسِ این اتفاقات، زمزمه تلاش هایی برای تغییر دولت و پوست اندازی سیاسی در لبنان از جانب برخی جریان های سیاسی داخلی، منطقه ای و حتی فرامنطقه ای برای رسیدن به مطامعشان شنیده می شود. خصوصا که طی چند روز گذشته از آغاز جریان اعتراضات مردمی در لبنان، جریاناتی مانند حزب القوات البنانیه با محوریت سمیر جعجع، رئیس این حزب و غسان حاصبانی، معاون سعد حریری – که او هم از حزب القوات البنانیه است – پیرامون واداشتن نخست وزیر به استعفاء و کناره گیری دولت، نشان از این دارد که حتی بازیگران متحد حریری در جریان 14 مارس نیز به دنبال حذف وی و روی کار آمدن بازیگرانی جدید با رویکردی متفاوت به نام “دولت تکنوکرات” هستند. چون با وجود مخالفت های گاه صریح و آشکار سعد حریری با جریان 8 مارس و به ویژه حزب الله لبنان در تشکیل دولت در این کشور که بعد از اتفاقاتی مانند حمله حزب الله به شمال اسرائیل قوت یافت و موجی از انتقادات را نبست به عملکرد این جریان (حزب الله) از سوی نخست وزیری در پی داشت، اما باز هم در عمل مماشات و انفعال حریری آن چیزی نبود که کسانی چون جعجع و نظایر وی را از شرایط کنونی در داخل لبنان راضی نگاه دارد.
لذا اگر چه روزهای گذشته از آغاز اعتراضات مردم لبنان، شاهد برخی اتفاقات مانند حمله معترضین به دفتر محمد رعد، نماینده حزبالله در ضاحیه بودیم، اما در مقام قیاس میان اعتراضات مردمی لبنان با جریانات اعتراضی مردم عراق، لبنانی ها کمتر به سمت شعارهای سیاسی و نقد حضور جریان هایی مانند 8 مارس و حزب الله و یا نفوذ ایران در لبنان رفتند و عمده انتقادات خود را معطوف به عملکرد ضعیف دولت در مبارزه با فساد و تصمیم های غلط سعد حریری نسبت به وضع سیاست های جدید مالیاتی و اصلاح ساختار اقتصادی در این کشور کرده اند، اما این مسئله لزوما به معنای آن نیست که جریان های سیاسی لبنانی نیز به تبع مردم، خواست های خود را صرفا در حوزه اقتصادی تعریف کنند. از این رو برخی از احزاب لبنانی موج سواری مد نظر خود را روی این اعتراضات مردمی به منظور رسیدن به مطامع سیاسی و حزبیشان دنبال خواهند کرد. پیرو این نکات، حزبی نظیر القوات البنانیه فرصت موج سواری بر اعتراضات مردمی را برای استعفای دولت حریری غنمیت شمرده و خواستار کناره گیری نخست وزیری شدند تا بتوانند با تغییر مهره های بازی، شرایط بازی را در لبنان تغییر دهند؛ کما این که در عراق نیز برخی جریان های سیاسی عمدتا مخالف حضور ایران در این کشور و فعالیت حشدالشعبی نیز با فشار بر دولت عادل عبدالمهدی، نخست عراق نیز تلاش هایی برای استفعای وی، انحلال پارلمان و دولت را در دستور کار قرار دادند و از این راه موج سواری خود را روی اعتراضات مردمی در این کشور داشتند. در این راستا سمیر جعجع به عنوان رئیس حزب القوات البنانیه در مواضع خود در روز جمعه صراحتا عنوان داشت که با وجود اشراف بر تلاش های سعد حریری برای بازگرداندن اوضاع در لبنان، ولی متاسفانه اکثر افراد دولت منفعل بودند. لذا بهترین کاری که نخست وزیر میتواند در این شرایط حیاتی و پیچیده انجام دهد این است که استعفای دولت را اعلام کند تا یک دولت کاملا متفاوت تشکیل شود. البته یقینا استعفای نخست وزیری و کناره گیری دولت سعد حریری، نه تنها به برون رفت لبنان از مشکلات کنونی کمکی نمی کند، بلکه حتی شرایط در این کشور را بیش از پیش مبهم و پیچیده تر می کند. در همین خصوص سعد حریری نیز نسبت به بحرانی تر شدن وضعیت در کشورش هشدار داد. در سایه این نکته اگر پلیس، ارتش و نیروهای نظامی و امنیتی لبنان به سمت برخورد تندتر با مردم به موازات تشدید اعتراضات پیش روند و فاجعه ای نظیر قربانی شدن بیش از 110 نفر از مردم عراق، آن هم در کمتر از یک هفته اعتراض به دلیل خشونت نیروهای نظامی عراقی را در لبنان شاهد باشیم، مطمئنا شعارهای مردمی از حالت اعتراض به وضعیت اقتصادی و معیشتی به سمت مواضع سیاسی تغییر جهتی آشکار خواهد یافت که مطلوب نگاه برخی جریان های سیاسی داخلی در لبنان است. چون به این واسطه مسئله نفوذ ایران در لبنان و نیز عملکرد حزب الله می تواند کانون اعتراضات مردمی شود. هر چند که تا کنون صدا و سیمای ایران به رویه اعتراضات مردمی عراق، پوشش چندان جدی بر مسائل لبنان نداده است و در سوی دیگر مقامات کشوری نیز از اظهارنظر در این رابطه خودداری کرده اند تا از افزایش حسالسیت های احتمالی جلوگیری کنند. با این تفاسیر و با کالبدشکافی جریان اعتراضات مردمی در لبنان و عراق، یقینا بیش و پیش از هر چیزی وضعیت آشفته اقتصادی، فساد دولتی، اقدامات و تصمیمات غلط دولت های بیروت و بغداد و مهمتر از آن ناکارمدی و انفعال عادل عبدالمهدی و سعد حریری در مقام نخست وزیران عراق و لبنان به عنوان عوامل آغازگر اعتراضات مردی عمل کرده که شدت این ناکارمدی در عراق به مراتب پررنگ تر از لبنان است. اما با این تفاسیر نمی توان از برخی پارامترها در تداوم و تشدید خشونت ها با موج سواری برخی جریانات چشم پوشی کرد که می تواند با هدف تحت الشعاع قرار دادن ایران در غرب آسیا صورت گرفته باشد.






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