زندگی بدون تفریح
در هفته جاری بانک مرکزی گزارشی منتشر کرد که در آن هزینههای سالانه خانوارها در ایران را به 12 گروه کلی به ترتیب اولویت ذکر شدند. در این جدول آمده است: 1-خوراكیها و آشاميدنیها 2-دخانيات 3- پوشاك و كفش 4- مسكن، آب، برق و گاز وساير سوختها 5- لوازم، اثاث وخدمات مورد استفاده درخانه 6-بهداشت و درمان 7-حمل ونقل 8-ارتباطات 9-تفريح و امور فرهنگي 10-تحصيل 11-رستوران و هتل 12-كالاها و خدمات متفرقه
به این معنا که بودجه سالانه یک خانواده ایرانی در هر سال صرف این ۱۲ گروه اصلی میشود.
فشار روی اصناف و مردم
در این راستا گفت وگویی را با دوتن از همشهریها در بازارهای مشهد ترتیب دادیم تا از آنها درباره نحوه هزینه کردن و تغییرات آن در سالهای اخیر بپرسیم.
رمضان احمدی در این باره به خبرنگار «صبح امروز» گفت: من شغلم آزاد است و در طی این سالها به چشم میبینم که خیلی به سختی خرید میکنند. بعضی هزینهها مثل خرید شب عید را به اجبار باید انجام داد ولی در طی سال هزینههای جانبی کم میشود.
این مدیرفروش معتقد است: البته خدا همیشه رسانده و باز هم میرساند ولی مسئولین هم باید فکری به حال مردم کنند. فشار اقتصادی هم روی مردم و هم روی اصناف است. بازار حتی در ایام نوروز هم رونق قبل را ندارد.
عید، فقط خرجهای ضروری
صمد حمیدی، کارمند بازنشسته اداره بهداشت هم که در حال قدم زدن و نظاره در یکی از بازارها مشهد است، در پاسخ به این سوال که به اندازه سالهای قبل خرید میکند یا نه؟ به خبرنگار «صبح امروز» گفت: ما هر سال با وسواس بیشتری نسبت به سال قبل خرید میکنیم. من در سال جاری پسرم را داماد کردم پس موقع عید باید برای عروسم هم خرید کنم. در حالی که حقوق بازنشستگی من تغییر چندانی نسبت به سال قبل نداشته است.
وی اضافه کرد: اگر سرویس مدرسه را قبول نمی کردم، اوضاع خیلی بدتر میشد. ما در تمام سال به مسافرت نرفتیم و برای عید هم فقط خرجهای ضروری را انجام دادیم. خدا رو شکر که اعضای خانواده من شرایطم را درک میکنند و گرنه مجبور بودم شغلهای دیگری را هم در آستانه 60 سالگی تحمل کنم.
حمیدی تاکید کرد: وقتی حقوق من بازنشسته و کارمندان متناسب با افزایش هزینهها رشدنمی کند، طبیعتا قدرت هزینه کردن را ندارم. خدا نکند که در این شرایط خانوادهای دچار بیماری یا هزینه غیرمترقبهای بشود. من بیمه عمر را برای این روزهایم کنار گذاشته ام ولی خیلی از افراد به خاطر بیاطلاعی همین برنامه ریزی را هم انجام نداده اند.
پولها کجا میرود؟
به گزارش خبرآنلاین، نکته مهم و اساسی در تحلیل این بحث این است که بررسی ۱۰ساله (۱۳۸۶ الی ۱۳۹۵) میزان هزینهکرد خانوادهها در ۱۲ گروه اصلی فوق نشان میدهد که سهم گروههایی که نیازهای اصلی و اساسی خانوادهها مانند خورد و خوارک، مسکن، پوشاک و بهداشت درمان را تامین میکنند طی ۱۰ سال اخیر بالاتر رفته است و همزمان سهم گروههای هزینهای که نیازهای اصلی و اساسی نیستند مانند تفریح، لوازم و اساس منزل، رستوران و هتل، تحصیل و… رو به کاهش است.
تحلیل شرایط نشان میدهد که مردم از هزینه نیازهای غیر ضروری خود زدهاند و بیشتر خرج نیازهای اساسی خود مانند خوراک و پوشاک و مسکن کردهاند. این واقعیت مهم در آمار ۱۰ ساله بانک مرکزی از متوسط هزينه خالص سالانه يك خانوار به تفكيك گروههای مختلف هزينه طي سالهای ۱۳۸۶ الی ۱۳۹۵ ، دقیقا قابل مشاهده است.
|
ردیف |
گروههای هزينه | درصد هزینهکرد در سال ۱۳۸۶ | درصد هزینهکرد در سال ۱۳۹۵ |
| 1 | خوراكیها و آشاميدنیها | 25 | 25.4 |
| 2 | دخانيات | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| 3 | پوشاك و كفش | 5.4 | 4.4 |
| 4 | مسكن آب، برق و گاز وساير سوختها | 33.9 | 36.4 |
| 5 | لوازم، اثاث وخدمات مورد استفاده درخانه | 5.7 | 4.1 |
| 6 | بهداشت و درمان | 4.6 | 6 |
| 7 | حمل ونقل | 10 | 8.9 |
| 8 | ارتباطات | 2.8 | 2.2 |
| 9 | تفريح و امور فرهنگي | 2.7 | 2 |
| 10 | تحصيل | 2.4 | 1.9 |
| 11 | رستوران و هتل | 2.4 | ۲.۲ |
آمارها چه میگویند؟
براساس اطلاعات مندرج در این جدول، خانوادههای ایرانی در سال ۱۳۸۶ ۲.۷ درصد از هزینههای سالانه خود را صرف تفریح و امور فرهنگی میکردند که این رقم در سال ۱۳۹۵ به ۲ درصد کاهش پیدا کرده است. همچنین خانوادههای ایرانی در سال ۱۳۸۶، ۵.۷ درصد هزینههای سالانه خود را صرف خرید اسباب و اثاث منزل میکردند که این رقم در سال ۱۳۹۵ به ۴.۱ درصد رسید است.
این میزان کاهش در گروههای هزینهای مانند رستوران و هتل، تحصیل، حمل و نقل و ارتباطات قابل رویت است. از طرف دیگر اما در نیازهای ضروری و اساسی خانوادهها شاهد افزایش سهم هزینهکرد هستیم. در گروه مسکن خانوادههای ایرانی در سال ۱۳۸۶ ، ۳۳.۹ درصد هزینههای خود را صرف مسکن میکردند که این میزان در سال ۱۳۹۵ به ۳۶.۴ درصد رسیده است.
در گروه خوراک و آشامیدنیها هم شاهد افزایش میزان سهم هزینهکرد هستیم و این افزایش در گروه بهداشت و درمان نیز به روشنی قابل رویت است. به طوری که مردم در سال ۱۳۸۶ ۴.۶ درصد از هزینههای خود را صرف بهداشت و درمان میکردند و این درصد در سال ۱۳۹۵ به عدد ۶ رسید.
با این تفاصیل این فرضیه براساس آمارهای رسمی بانک مرکزی قابل اثبات است که خانوادههای ایرانی متاسفانه طی یک سال اخیر بیشتر درگیر هزینهکرد برای نیازهای ضروری و اساسی خود نظیر خورد و خوراک، مسکن و تامین هزینههای سلامت بودهاند و از سوی دیگر از درصد هزینهکرد تفریح، پوشاک، خرید اسباب و اثاث منزل،رستوران و هتل و… زدهاند.
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