تئاتر خراسان چهها باید میداشت که ندارد؟
دلخور شویم یا نشویم، باور کنیم یا نکنیم؛ واقعیت این است که تئاتر خراسان، هنوز دارد در فضای صد سال پیشاش درجا میزند. باور کنیم که ما تئاتر کهنه و نخنما شدهای داریم. باور کنیم که ما خیلی از علم روز تئاتر جهان عقبایم. باور کنیم که دستِمان خیلی خالیست. باور کنیم که اغلب بازیگران، کارگردانها و نویسندههای ما خیلی با استانداردهای جهانی فاصله دارند. و اگر در آن میان تعداد انگشتشماری دارند تئاتر خوب اجرا میکنند، اقلیتاند.
تئاتر مگر چه میخواهد؟ یک بازیگر و یک مکانِ اجرا. این دوتا هم در ورشوی لهستان هست هم در مشهدِ ایران. پس چه اتفاقی باید میافتاد و نیافتاد که تئاتر ما به تئاتر لهستان برسد؟… پاسخ را باید در دو فقدان بزرگ پیدا کرد:
فقدان دانش روز تئاتر
فقدان ایده اجرای تئاتر
فقدان اولی را میشود با مطالعه و تجربه، جبران کرد ولی برای رفع فقدان دومی نیاز به همکاری همه دستاندرکاران هنرهای نمایشی ست. من چند نمونه از فقدانهای بزرگ عرصهی اجرا را برمیشمارم:
۱- تئاتر سایه
تئاتر سایه یا سایهبازی، یکی از جذابترین گونههای نمایشی است. ولی از آنجا که تخصص ویژهای برای اجرایاش میخواهد و البته از آنجا که هزینههای سنگینی برای ساخت ابزارها و ادوات مخصوص دارد، ما کمتر سراغاش رفتهایم. جای آن دارد که هنرجویان و هنرمندان تئاتر خراسان، نگاه ویژهای به این شکل از نمایش ایرانی داشته باشند.
۲- نمایشهای ایرانی
سهرابکُشان، سوگ سیاووش [سَوو شون]، سوگ ایرج، کچلکبازی، تختحوضی [روحوضی]، نقالی، پردهخوانی، عروسکگردانی، بقالبازی، خُمبازی، پهلوانیخوانی و بسیاری دیگر، از گونههای نمایش ایرانی هستند که به کل مورد غفلت ما قرار گرفتهاند و نام برخیشان برای بسیاری از ما حتی ناآشنا ست.
اختصاص بودجهای خاص و حمایتهای مالی از اینگونههای نمایشی، یکی از وظایف مسوولان فرهنگی استان است. برگزاری جشنوارههای ویژه، اختصاص فضاهای خاص، آموزش هنرجویان در رشتههای ساخت مصالح، ادبیات نمایشی، کارگردانی، بازیگری و… هر آنچه که مرتبط با نمایشهای ایرانی است، میتواند کمک شایانی به اشاعه آن کند.
۳ – پرفورمنس آرت [هنر نمایشگون]
یکی دیگر از بزرگترین خلاءهای ما، نمایشهای پرفورمنس است. از آنجا که تقریبن تربیت «بدن» در میان بازیگران ما فراموش شده و تواناییهای بدنی بازیگر به هیچ انگاشته میشود، امروز ما شاهد رشد بازیگرانی هستیم که حتا از پس سادهترین و پیش پا افتادهترین حرکتهای بدنی برنمیآیند. بدن بسیاری از بازیگران ما آن قدر خشک و زمخت و بیتناسب است که اساسن فکر کردن به پرفورمنس آرت را در همان ابتدای امر، منتفی میکند. مشکلاتی مثل چاقی مفرط، بیقوارهگی، کمنَفَسی، خشکی عضلات و بیتناسبی، تنها چند نمونه کوچک از انبوه معضلاتی ست که بازیگرانمان به آن دچاراَند.
از دیگر سو، نبود متن مناسب، نبود کارگردانان با تجربه و صدالبته نبود جرأت ریسک برای اجرا، سبب میشود که اغلب، قید پرفورمنس آرت و دیگر گونههای زیرمجموعهاش را بزنند و سراغاش نروند. حال آن که این گونه نمایشی، در دیگر کشورهای جهان به شدت مورد توجه بوده و مخاطبان بسیاری دارد.
۴– مایم و پانتومایم
تلخ است اگر بگوییم که سالانه، اجراهای مایم و پانتومایم ما در استان خراسان به تعداد انگشتان یک دست نمیرسد. باعث شرمساری ست که بسیاری از تئاتریهای ما ترجیح میدهند در زمینهی مایم و پانتومایم اجرایی نداشته باشند؛ چرا؟ چون بلد نیستند.
ادامه دارد…
آرش خیرآبادی: منتقد، نمایشنامهنویس و مدرس تئاتر
Asian4d
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