در جستوجوی شادی لابلای قرصهای مخدر
یکی از شایعترین مشکلات امروزه در بین مردم و خصوصا جوانان عدم وجود شادی و رضایت درونی از خود است این موضوع که میتواند ناشی از مشکلات اجتماعی اقتصادی و … باشد نیاز به مقابله دارد. روش مقابله با چنین مشکلاتی از سوی آدمهای مختلف متفاوت است اما یکی از بدترین و متاسفانه شایعترین این مقابلهها روی آوردن به مواد توهمزا و شادیآور است که میتواند به صورتهای مختلف از جمله ایجاد شادی تصنعی در ذهن و یا فراموش کردن مشکلات در ذهن مصرف کننده متفاوت باشد.
پس چرایی تمایل افراد به این مساله روشن است اما دلیل پیدا نکردن راههای صحیح ارضای حس شادی و فراموشکردن و حتی حل کردن مشکلات موضوعی است که همیشه بر سر آن بحث است. اینکه آیا خود فرد در ایجاد و شکلگیری این حال موثر است یا جامعه و فضای حاکم و یا اینکه راههای دیگر مقابله با افسردگی و حس شادی چیست؟
در این خصوص به گفتوگو با علیرضا عابدین، رواندرمانگر و مشاور رسمی مبارزه با مواد مخدر در واشنگتن پرداختیم. وی در ابتدا با اشاره به ضعف مدیریت موجود در کشور گفت: مدیران و مسئولین ما باید از خود بپرسند که آیا دغدغه ما تولید آدم است؟ آیا در حیطه مسئولیت خود به نهادینه کردن اخلاق در مردم جامعه به اندازه ظاهرسازی توجه داریم؟
عابدین افزود: با وجود مذهبی بودن کشور ما و صرف بودجه های گزاف که در اختیار امور مذهبی تربیتی و فرهنگی قرار میگیرد مذهب و اخلاق در مردم ما درونی سازی نشده است و اینها تنها مانند قاب عکسی است که تنها در بیرون نمود دارد و در افراد نهادینه نشده است که مشخص است هیچ تاثیری در پرورش اخلاق نخواهد داشت بلکه تنها راه آن ایجاد اتاق فکر و بازگرداندن افراد متخصص به آن است که با نگاهی دلسوزانه و دیدی چند وجهی، به مدیریت امور بپردازند نه اینکه نتیجه تحقیقات و فعالیتهای فرهنگی آنان در کتابخانهها بایگانی شود.
بزرگترین آسیب اجتماعی موجود کشور
بزرگترین آسیب ما در ادامه روند فکری موجود جامعه که در زندگی مردم جریان دارد، پرورش جوانهایی با خصایص ویژه شخصیتی است که نه فقط خانوادهها و آموزش و پرورش بلکه تمامی نهادهای اجتماعی در ایجاد این کارخانه آدم سازی مسوولند.
متاسفانه خانواده که اولین نهاد اجتماعی است در اکثریت موارد در جهت عکس شرایط حرکت کرده است و این خود پایههای بنا را از ابتدا به غلط میچیند. خانوادهها با تلاش برای راضی نگاه داشتنم فرزندان خود با فراهم کردن تمامی امکانات به صورت افراطی، فرزندانی با توقعات ناشایست و توخالی تحویل جامعه میدهند که پس از مواجهه با جامعه فراهم نشدن زیادهخواهی ها و حتی خواسته های شایسته خود با نوعی افسردگی روبرو میشوند که این یکی از مهمترین دلایل روی آوردن به مواد مخدر در جوانان است.
موجودات توخالی با دهان باز
شاید این یکی از بهترین تعاریف برای نسلی باشد که در پی تربیت ناصحیح، انسانهایی تحت تاثیر جامعه و فاقد قدرت پردازش مقولهها و تعارضات و در نتیجه ناموفق در زندگی اجتماعی باشد.
عابدین با انتقاد از شیوه غلط آموزش به افراد در مراحل ابتدایی تحصی گفت: متاسفانه از مرحله کودکی از فرزندان خود میخواهیم ساکن و غیرفعال باشند. از کودکی سکوت در برابر ظلم و سر خم کردن در برابر عقاید خلاف عقیده آنان را از آنان میخواهیم در حالیکه نمیدانیم پرورش اینگونه آدمها به ضرر جامعه است چراکه این افراد آماده تخریب شدن از بیرون و از سوی جامعه هستند که با رفتار کودک مابانه و عصبانیتهای کنترل نشده آماده شلیک و رفتن به میدان جنگ و یا پذیرش استبداد هستند که همه اینها باعث تمایل یا دست کم عدم موفقیت در روبرو شدن با مواد مخدر است.
عابدین با تاکید بر اهمیت پردازش الگوهای رفتاری گفت: اگر نتوانیم از درون خود قابلیت پردازش الگوهای زندگی داشته باشیم توانایی مقابله با واقعیت موجود را نداریم و در نتیجه اگر واقعیت در نظر ما جالب نیست از هر حالت دیگری به جز آن استقبال میکنیم، چه با استفاده از شاد کردن خود و چه با توهم و خیال که در هردو ویژگیها در مواد مخدر وجود دارد.
کاهش سن اعتیاد و باز شدن راه آن به دبستانها
رواندرمانگر حوزه جامعه با بیان اینکه متاسفانه اعتیاد و مصرف مواد مخدر به سنین زیر ده سال و دبستان رسیده است گفت: مواد مخدر میتواند به صورتهای مختلف از جمله ترشح بالای هورمونهایی باعث ایجاد حس شادی مضاعف در ما شود و روی ذهن ما تاثیر بگذارد که این وضعیت موقتی و تصنعی و وابستگی به عامل بیرونی، در کنار تاثیر موقتی هزینهای بالا برای روان مصرف کننده نیز خواهد داشت. وی با اشاره به زیاده روی در مصرف مواد مخدر این عمل را تعبیر به تبدیل خیار به خیارشور دانست و گفت: زمانیکه فرد مصرف کننده به زیادهروی در مصرف مواد مخدر روی بیاورد در واقع تغییری شگرف در وی رخ خواهد داد و سلولهای مغز را چنان تغییر خواهد داد که دیگر نمیتوان آن را به حالت قبلی برگرداند حالا تصور کنیم که این اتفاق در کودکی و سن بلوغ برای فرد اتفاق بیفتد با محاسبهای پیش پا افتاده میتوان در کنار آسیبهای اجتماعی دیگر آسیبهای فیزیکی آن را هم دریافت.
ایران جزو 10کشور نخست مصرف کننده مواد مخدر در جهان
وی با بیان اینکه کشور ما از اولین مصرف کننده های مواد مخدر به شمار میرود گفت: بههیچ وجه نمیتوان با مصرفکنندگان مواد مخدر با عنوان اختلال برخورد کرد چراکه تنها دلیل ایجاد این رخداد مشکل مدیریت در کشور ماست که باعث ایجاد این آمار بالای افراد معتاد که در حال حاضراز بزرگترین مشکلات موجود جامعه ماست شده است.
وی با اشاره به اهمیت داشتن توجه و نگاه جامعه شناسانه به اعتیاد گفت: اینکه بخواهیم در سطح کوچک به اعتیاد بپردازیم خیلی کم است و باید رویه خود را در نهادهای مختلف دولتی با انسانسازی تغییر دهیم که این مستلزم یک نگاه جدید به نهادهای مختلف دولتی، مبنی بر تاکید بر اهمیت انسان سازی است که مانند تغییر رویه در تربیت فرزندان مهم و راهبردی خواهد بود.
این برنامه باید تدوین شود و راه درازی در پیش است تا بتوان علاوه بر ترمیم نسل سوخته و اصلاح رویکرد فکری آنان، به تاکید بر روانشناسی تطابقپذیری پرداخت تا به این صورت به ساخت فوندانسیونی برای پرورش نسل سالمتر با تفکر تحلیلی بپردازیم.
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