نگاهی به مدیریت بازار نهاده‌های دامی؛

چه شد که واردکننده مرغ شدیم؟

/1,012 دیدگاه /در , , /توسط

سوء مدیریت در بازار نهاده‌های دامی هشدار جدی کارشناسان و فعالان صنعت دام و طیور است که از دی ماه 98 درمورد عواقب آن به بحث و تبادل نظر پرداخته بودند. آنها معتقدند که بی توجهی به این مساله باعث شده که امروز کشور واردکننده مرغ شود! آن هم در وضعیتی که با شرایط جنگ اقتصادی و محدودیت منابع ارزی مواجه هستیم و بیش از هر زمان دیگری به صرفه‌جویی در این منابع نیازمندیم.

نقطه آغاز جهش قیمت مرغ

به گزارش روزنامه «صبح امروز» و به نقل از مهر، نقطه آغاز جهش قیمت مرغ را می‌توان زمستان سال گذشته دانست؛ زمانی که زمزمه‌ها درباره افزایش قیمت نهاده‌های دامی تازه آغاز شده بود. ۱۵ دی ماه ۹۸ بود که تولیدکنندگان از افزایشی شدن قیمت نهاده‌های دامی خبر داده و می‌گفتند قیمت مرغ تحت تأثیر افزایش قیمت نهاده، افزایش یافته است. در آن زمان قیمت مرغ بین ۱۲ هزار و ۵۰۰ تا ۱۳ هزار و ۵۰۰ تومان بود.

زمزمه کمبود و گرانی نهاده‌های دامی به تدریج به صدای بلند اعتراض گونه تولیدکنندگان تبدیل شد و در سایه بی توجهی، بی عملی و سوءمدیریت مسئولان نه فقط بسیاری از واحدهای مرغداری تولید خود را متوقف کردند بلکه اختلال در تولید به جایی رسید که تولیدکنندگان پیش بینی کردند جریان تأمین نیاز داخلی با مشکل جدی مواجه و قیمت‌ها رشد لجام گسیخته‌ای پیدا کند.

هشدار درباره کاهش تولید؛ ۹ ماه قبل

در همین ارتباط، در تاریخ ۲۳ خردادماه ۱۳۹۹ نیز حبیب اسدالله نژاد، نایب رئیس کانون سراسری مرغداران گوشتی ایران درباره کاهش تولید مرغ و افزایش قیمت آن هشدار داده و گفته بود: با ادامه این روند در حدود ۶ ماه آینده در تأمین گوشت مرغ وابسته خواهیم شد آن هم در سالی که به نام جهش تولید مزین شده و مسئولان مربوطه از جمله وزارت صمت و وزارت جهاد کشاورزی برای جلوگیری از این شرایط باید تمهیدات لازم را بیندیشند.

وی ۱۵ مرداد ماه ۱۳۹۹ هم در گفتگویی دیگر وضعیت توزیع و قیمت نهاده‌های دامی را عامل افزایش قیمت مرغ اعلام کرده و گفته بود: مرغداران در جوجه‌ریزی احتیاط می‌کنند.

همچنین در تاریخ ۱۸ تیرماه ۱۳۹۹، مجید موافق قدیری، رئیس انجمن صنایع خوراک دام و طیور  تاکید کرده بود: ناگفته پیداست که اگر مشکلات این عرصه حل و فصل نشود تا چند ماه آینده با کاهش تولید محصولات پروتئینی از جمله گوشت مرغ مواجه خواهیم شد چرا که در حال حاضر نیز به دلیل عدم تأمین به موقع و با قیمت مصوب دولتی مواد اولیه تولید خوراک، انگیزه جوجه‌ریزی و پرورش کاهش یافته است.

وی در گفتگوی دیگری در تاریخ ۳ دی ۱۳۹۹ نیز گفته بود: متأسفانه کشور به لحاظ وضعیت نهاده‌های دامی در شرایط خوبی به سر نمی‌برد و بازار هم گواه این مطلب است. اگر دولت با همین فرمان بخواهد به سمت جلو برود بی تردید بهار سال آینده باید مرغ وارد کند بنابراین ایران که هفتمین کشور تولید کننده مرغ دنیاست، به واردکننده این کالا تبدیل می‌شود.

پاس‌کاری بین دستگاه‌های مسئول

در این میان، مسئولان دولتی بی توجه به این هشدارها، مرتب یا توپ را به زمین یکدیگر انداختند و یا از تأمین کافی نهاده‌ها و تولید و توزیع مکفی مرغ در بازار خبر دادند. وعده‌هایی که هیچ گاه به سرانجام نرسید و عواقب این سوءمدیریت ها و نابسامانی‌ها در هفته‌های اخیر تشدید شد و شاهد کمبود عرضه مرغ در بسیاری از استان‌های کشور، افزایش چشمگیر قیمت این کالا و صف‌های طولانی مردم برای تأمین آن بودیم، مسائلی که کماکان نیز ادامه دارد.

به دنبال این اتفاقات، علی رغم اینکه وزارت جهاد کشاورزی از ۱۳۰ میلیون قطعه جوجه‌ریزی خبر می‌داد و تولید را کافی عنوان می‌کرد. بحث کاهش جوجه‌ریزی و کمبود تولید به طور جدی مطرح شد، یکی از فعالان بازار مرغ ۱۷ اسفند ماه از کاهش شدید جوجه‌ریزی در مرغداری‌های سطح کشور خبر داد و گفت که به دلیل کاهش جوجه‌ریزی، تولید مرغی که باید برای مصارف شب عید انجام می‌شد، کاهش یافته است و آماری که مسئولان از تولید و عرضه مرغ می‌دهند، با واقعیت همخوانی ندارد.

و سرانجام؛ واردات مرغ!

این مساله علی رغم تکذیب‌های مسئولان وزارت جهاد کشاورزی توسط ستاد تنظیم بازار کشور تأیید شد. عباس قبادی، دبیر ستاد تنظیم بازار در این زمینه با بیان اینکه نتوانستیم در مهار گرانی موفق باشیم، گفت: وزارت جهاد کشاورزی اعلام کرده تولید را انجام داده است، اما برآوردهای ما این موضوع را نشان نمی‌دهند و سرانجام به دنبال این اظهارات دبیر ستاد تنظیم بازار کشور، مجوز واردات مرغ با ارز ترجیحی صادر شد و دیروز نیز وزیر صمت از واردات ۵۰ هزار تن مرغ خبر داد و گفت: برای تأمین مرغ در ماه مبارک رمضان مجوز واردات ۵۰ هزار تن مرغ برای شرکت پشتیبانی امور دام صادر شده است تا در کنار تولید داخل بتوانیم بازار را تنظیم کنیم.

مسئولان، هشدارها را جدی بگیرید

نکته مهم در این زمینه درگیری تمام بخش‌های صنعت دام و طیور کشور با چالش نهاده‌های دامی است و خطری که صنعت دام و مرغ تخم‌گذار کشور را نیز تهدید می‌کند. در همین زمینه موسی رهنمایی، قائم مقام نظام صنفی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کشور گفت: متأسفانه به دلیل عدم تأمین نهاده‌های دامی، گله‌های مولد در حال حذف شدن هستند که این خسارت را هیچ چیزی نمی‌تواند جبران کند و معتقدم کسانی که باعث اخلال در سیستم تأمین و توزیع نهاده‌های شده‌اند، خیانت بزرگی به کشور کرده‌اند.

وی اخیراً در گفتگوی دیگری با   با بیان اینکه درخواست ما از مسئولان وزارت جهاد کشاورزی و سایر دستگاه‌های مرتبط با نهاده‌های دامی این است که به صورت لحظه‌ای به صنعت دام و طیور کشور توجه کنند، اظهار داشت: دام و طیور موجودات زنده هستند و گاهی حتی ثانیه‌ها برای تأمین نهاده‌ها مهم می‌شود.

با توجه به اینکه بحران در تأمین نهاده‌های دامی تمام بخش‌های صنعت دام و طیور را تهدید می‌کند و نگرانی‌های جدی درباره کاهش تولید تخم مرغ و از بین رفتن سرمایه دامی کشور نیز مطرح است که احتمال دارد ما را در تأمین گوشت قرمز و محصولات لبنی نیز دچار دردسر و وابسته به خارج از کشور کند. کارشناسان معتقدند که مسئولان مربوطه باید هر چه سریع‌تر اقدام به اتخاذ تصمیمات فوری و مؤثر برای برون رفت صنعت از این چالش‌ها کنند چرا که سرمایه‌های دامی کشور اگر از بین برود، به راحتی قابل جبران نیست و خسارات سنگینی به کشور ما وارد می‌کند ضمن اینکه در این میان سرمایه‌های تولیدکنندگان نیز از میان خواهد رفت و در بحث اشتغال‌زایی نیز دچار خسارات فراوان خواهیم شد.

بنابراین لازم است مسئولان به جای وعده و انکار و پاس‌کاری به یکدیگر، از هم اکنون مشکل را جدی بگیرند و به دنبال راهکاری برای حل آن باشند تا در ماه‌های آینده خبر واردات گوشت قرمز و دام و تخم مرغ و لبنیات نیز به گوش نرسد.

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