نرخ اعلام شده افزایش اجارهبها چقدر عملیاتی خواهد شد؟
صاحبخانه چهار دیواری اختیاری
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افزایش نرخ تورم، کاهش قدرت خرید مردم و افزایش لحظهای قیمت مسکن دولت را بر آن داشته تا در چند وقت اخیر راهکارهای گوناگونی برای متعادل کردن وضعیت مسکن و افزایش قدرت مردم در خرید یا اجاره این ضروریترین کالای افراد ارائه دهد. هر چند که در بسیاری از موارد دولت و بهویژه وزیر راهوشهرسازی نتواستهاند راه به جایی برند و برخی از برنامههای آنها از جمله ساخت مسکن 25-40 متری با انتقاد شدید بسیاری از متخصصان روبهرو شد تا جایی که وزیر مسکن تنها یک روز پس از قطعی شدن این طرح آن را تکذیب کرد.
به گزارش روزنامه صبح امروز، چندی پیش رئیسجمهور در جلسه ستاد ملی مقابله با کرونا با اشاره به برنامه کمک به مستأجران، بیان کرد «امروز اعلام کردیم وزارتخانههای راه و شهرسازی و کشور طرحهایی را برای مسأله مسکن ارائه دهند تا در صورت لزوم تصویب شود. به این ترتیب زمین ارزانتر و مصالح ارزان در اختیار سازنده قرار گرفته و تشریفات شهرداری به حداقل خواهد رسید». روحانی در مورد اجارهبها نیز توضیحاتی ارائه داد و بیان کرد: «در مورد اجارهبها نیز چنانچه قرارداد اجارهای بین موجر و مستأجر نوشته و امضا نشده، اجارهبها در تهران نسبت به سال قبل 25 درصد بالاتر، در کلان شهرها 20 درصد و در سایر شهرها هم بالاتر از 15 درصد نمیتواند باشد».
فارغ از اینکه به اعتقادی برخی متخصصان این حوزه افزایش درآمد در جامعه به میزانی نبوده تا میزان نرخ اجراهبها 25 درصد برای تهران و برای کلانشهرها 20 درصد افزایش یابد و مسلماً مستأجران برای پرداخت چنین افزایش اجارهبهایی با مشکل روبهرو خواهند بود برای اطلاع از اینکه چنین طرحی برای مصوب کردن نرخ اجارهبها چه میزان میتواند عملیاتی باشد با چند اجارهنشین به گفتوگو پرداختیم.
700 هزار تومان در ماه، برای مخارج زندگی باقی میماند
اسمم مهدی و شغلم پیک موتوری است. ماهانه یک میلیون و ۵۰۰ هزار تومان حقوق میگیرم. از آنجایی که این حقوق کفاف زندگی را نمیدهد سعی میکنم اضافهکاری کنم تا بتوانم درآمد بیشتری داشته باشم. حدود ۲۰ سال است که در منطقه طبرسی زندگی میکنم. همراه همسر و فرزندم در خانهای ۶۰ متری زندگی میکنم که برای همین خانه مبلغ ۵ میلیون تومان بهعنوان رهن و ماهیانه ۵۰۰ هزار تومان برای اجاره پرداخت میکنم. اگرچه که یک سوم حقوقم را برای اجاره خانه میپرداختم، اما باز هم خرید خیلی از کالاهای مورد نیاز برایم غیرممکن بود میوه، گوشت، مرغ و ماهی در سبد غذایی مردم این منطقه جایی ندارد و من هم از این وضعیت مستثنا نیستم؛ چراکه که توان خرید آن را ندارم.
با این شرایط صاحبخانه امسال از من خواسته یا ۵ میلیون تومان به مبلغ رهن خانه اضافه کنم و یا اینکه ماهیانه۸۰۰ هزار تومان برای اجاره بپردازم. اگر بخواهم ماهیانه 800 هزار تومان اجاره خانه بدهم با 700 هزار تومان باقیمانده حقوقم چطور زندگی کنم؟
برخی خانهشان را به معتادان برای استعمال مواد مخدر اجاره میدهند
خیلی از مردم ساکن این منطقه بهدلیل شرایط بد اقتصادی دست به هرکاری میزنند؛ از دزدی گرفته تا قاچاق و تنفروشی، حتی بسیاری از آنان منزل خود را برای استعمال مواد مخدر به معتادان اجاره میدهند و برای هر ساعت مبلغ ۱۰ هزار تومان از آنان دریافت میکنند، اما مسئولان و آقازادهها نمیدانند در کوچهپسکوچههای این مملکت چه خبر است و مردم روز خود را چطور سر میکنند.
حمید اجارهنشین دیگری است که در منطقه دیگری از شهر زندگی میکند خیابان خیام شمالی، منطقهای که ساکنان آن به تناسب از وضعیت اقتصادی بهتری برخوردارند.
صاحبخانه هایی که خودشان میبرند و میدوزند
پیمانکار ساختمانی هستم و ماهانه حدود 3 میلیون و 500 هزار تومان درآمد دارم و همیشه فکر میکردم این درآمد برای خانواده کوچک سه نفرمان تاحدودی کافی باشد. اما متأسفانه فشارهای اقتصادی باعث شده تا نتوانم مخارج را تأمین کنم و بعد از اتمام زمان کاری مسافرکشی میکنم. ماه پیش بود که مهلت اجاره خانهام به سَر آمد و صاحبخانه خیلی ناگهانی و شوکآور مبلغ ۵۰۰ هزار تومان به اجاره خانه اضافه کرد برای خانهای که 65 متر است و 40 میلیون تومان رهن شده است و الان باید ماهیانه یک میلیون تومان اجاره پرداخت کنم.
زمانی که این افزایش قیمت را دیدم چند وقتی دنبال خانهای گشتم تا با درآمدم همخوانی داشته باشد، اما پیدا نکردم چراکه اجاره خانهها بهطور سرسامآوری بالا رفته. تنها اجاره خانه نیست اگر بخواهیم جابهجا شویم اثاثکشی و جابهجایی با پول کارگر و کامیون … حداقل ۲ میلیون تومان هزینه دارد برای همین ترجیح دادم تا اجاره خانه را تمدید کنم و دنبال کار دومی بگردم.
این مصوبهها نتیجهای ندارد چون صاحبخانهها به هیچ وجه به مصوبات دولت توجه نمیکنند و باب میل خودشان مبلغ اجاره را بالا میبرند، البته آنها هم حق دارند شرایط بد اقتصادی آنها را وادار به این کار میکند.
رعایت نرخ افزایش اجاره بها هیچ ضمانتی ندارد
علی مرادزاده، رئیس اتحادیه املاک مشهد با بیان اینکه «هیچگونه ضمانت اجرایی جهت اینکه صاحبخانهها نرخ افزایش اجارهبها را رعایت کنند، وجود ندارد» اظهار کرد: مستأجران باید در صورت مواجه با افرادی که بیشتر از این نرخ تقاضا یا دریافت میکنند به شورای حل اختلاف مراجعه کرده، مراتب را به آنان اطلاع داده و شکایت کنند.
مرادزاده در رابطه با هزینههایی که واحدهای اطلاعات املاک باید در هنگام معامله از افراد دریافت کنند، ادامه داد: مشاوران املاک برای ارائه پرینت قرارداد به صاحبخانه و مستأجر نباید هیچگونه وجه اضافی دریافت کنند و تنها باید براساس همان نرخنامهای که از طرف اتحادیه دارند از افراد هزینه دریافت کنند. شهروندان نیز میتوانند در صورت مواجه با چنین افرادی مراتب را به اتحادیه املاک اطلاع دهند تا برخورد لازم با آنان صورت گیرد.
گفتنی است که برخی از پژوهشگران حوزه علوم اجتماعی نیز معتقدند دخالتهایی که دولت در این زمینه ندارد نه تنها میتواند کارساز و عملیاتی شود، بلکه با نوعی مقاومت از سوی موجران در برابر چنین طرحهایی روبهرو خواهد شد.
مهدی کرمانی، استاد گروه پژوهشگری اجتماعی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در این زمینه گفت: بهطور کلی هر مداخله حساب نشدهای در بازارهایی که میبایست قیمتها در آن براساس الگوی عرضه و تقاضا تبیین شود معمولاً نتیجه مثبت پایداری را به همراه نخواهد داشت.
وی بیان کرد: شاید در کوتاهمدت با مجموعهای از عوامل و نیروهای بازدارنده اِعمال سیاستها و قوانین سختگیرانه بتوان تا حدی شرایط را تعدیل کرد. اما از آنجایی که در بازار بسیار پیچیده و متنوعی چون مسکن قدرت مقاومت قابل توجهی در برابر دستاندازیهای سلیقهای دارند و معمولاً این سیاستها ضد خود عمل میکنند و شفافیت را در بازار پایین میآورند پنهانکاریها در بازار افزایش پیدا میکند و رصدکردن و امکان تحقق حقوق طرفین بهویژه متقاضی در بازار مسکن؛ یعنی مستأجران تا حد زیادی تحت تأثیر قرار میگیرد.
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