متلک‌پرانی نقض آزادی حضور زن در جامعه

خانم شماره بدم باهم بریم؟ مستقیم از کدوم طرفه؟ سوار شوبرسونمت…  صدای بوق ممتد ماشین و نگاه همراه با هوس  پسرک جلفکه رعشه بر تن دخترک انداخته تجربه های تلخ دختران سرزمین من هنگامعبور از خیابان های اجتماعی که حق همه بوده،است.

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بدون شک هرکسی این تجربه سخت و ازار دهنده روانی را در طول درسو دانشگاه خود داشته که از سمت مردان جامعه  تحقیر شده و باشنیدن انواع حرف‌های رکیک یخ شدن سلول به سلول تن خود را حسمی‌کند.

آزار خیابانی به هر نوع عمل یا کلام جنسی گفته می‌شود که درمکان‌های عمومی رخ می‌دهد و باعث از بین رفتن آرامش جسمی یاروانی یک فرد می‌شود. این آزار در فرد آزاردیده احساس ترس، تهدید،ناامنی و بی‌احترامی ایجاد می‌کند.

آزارهای خیابانی شامل خواسته‌ها، توجه‌های جنسی،‌ آزار بدنی وکلامی با هدف جنسی و به صورت اجباری است. معمولاً آزار خیابانی بهصورت آزار کلامی (متلک‌پرانی،‌ صدا در آوردن و پیشنهادهای جنسی) و آزارهای غیرکلامی (بوق زدن با وسیله نقلیه در برابر زنانی کهمنتظر وسیله ای برای رفت و آمد هستند،‌ تعقیب و کمین کردن، لمسکردن، چشم‌چرانی، ادا درآوردن، عورت نمایی و تجاوز) است.

یک پژوهشگر اجتماعی می‌گوید: ایرانیان در فرهنگ عمومی خودعادت دارند که با طعنه و کنایه با یک‌دیگر صحبت کنند.

به گزارش روزنامهصبح امروزمحمدرضا ایمانی در مصاحبه باخبرنگار این رسانه پطرامون متلک‌پرانی در جامعه امروزی می‌افزاید: بسیاری از کلمات و رفتارهایی که اطراف از خود نشان داده نمایان‌گرفرهنگ جامعه است که غافل از پیامدهای آن با استفاده از انواع کلماتطعنه‌آمیز این فرهنگ را توسط فرزندان خود به نسل دیگر منتقلمی‌کنیم.

وی تصریح می‌کند: از زمانی که زنان در عرصه‌های اجتماعی حضور وبروز پیدا کرده و شروع به رشد کرده و اتفاقات توبی را درجامعه رقمزدند که با این حضور جامعه جهانی مردسالاری به سمت تغییر بهجامعه مدرن حرکت کرد.

این کارشناس ارتباطات اظهار می‌کند: با شروع حرکت به سمت مدرنیتهشدن به وفور این کلمات از زبان مردان برای توصیف زنان شنیده شدکه این تنها مختص به کشور ما نبوده و در همه جای دنیا این چنینرفتاری دیده شده که در بعضی کشورها با شدت و حدت بیش‌تریروبرو بوده و در برهی دیگر از کشورها کمتر ظهور پیدا کرده است.

انواع مزاحمت اجتماعی

وی ادامه می‌دهد: مزاحمت‌های اجتماعی به ۴ شکل لمسی،بصری وگفتاری و تهدیدی بروز پیدا کرده که متلک‌پراکنی یکی از انواع اینمزاحمت‌ها است.

ایمانی با اشاره به نظرسنجی که طی سال گذشته در پایتخت انجامشده توضیح می‌دهد: متاسفانه زنان و دختران ما در جامعه ما با ۴نوعمزاحمت‌ها مواجه بوده و مزاحمت نوع لمسی در ایران بیش‌ت بوده و نوعجنسی آن فراوانی پایینی دارد.

وی ابراز می‌کند: در ایران با توجه به فرهنگی که بین مردمانش نهادینهشده اغلب اوقات این مزاحمت‌های جنسی بازگو نشده اما در مقابل ایننوع مزاحمت، متلک‌پرانی و مزاحمت‌های کلامی در جامعه ما به وفور دیدهمی‌شود.

ایمانی می‌گوید:  جامعه ایرانی از حدود دهه ۴۰ که زنان در جامعه بهتحصیل و ایفای نقش پرداخته و فعالیت‌های اجتماعی خود را آغازکردند و به موفقیت‌های علمی و اجتماعی مختلفی دست یافتند که اینحضور و بروز موافق میل جامعه مردسالار نبوده و با این حضور بهمقابله پرداختند.

وی مطرح می‌کند: پذیرفته شدن این موضوع که زنان نیز می‌توانند بهمانند مردان در سطح جامعه نقش آفرین باشند سخت بوده این حضوربا افزایش انگ‌هایی از سمت جامعه مردان به زنان جامعه همراه شد بهطور مثال در جامعه بسته ایران اغلب زنان را بانام خود صدا نزده و یاصفت ضعیفه رو به او می‌چسبانند.

ایمانی ادامه می‌دهد: در جامعه ما به زنان با دید جنسی نگاه کرده کهاین نگاه متاسفانه در بیشتر موارد با نگاه شهوت‌آمیز همراه بوده که بهاشکال مختلفی بروز پیدا می‌کند.

وی تصریح می‌کند: زمانی که مردها دچار مشکلات درونی و کمبودهاییهستند این کمبودها به اشکال مختلفی بروز پیدا کرده و با توجه بهنگاه تبعیض جنسیتی که به زن دارد در مقابل این موفقیت‌ها بهمقابله پرداخته و شروع به انواع خشونت و آزار اجتماعی می‌کند.

مزاحمت لمسی

وی ابراز می‌کند: زمانی که زنی همراه مردی در تاکسی نشسته و مرد بهمرور خود را به زن نزدیک کرده و اورا لمس می‌کند در واقع مزاحمتاجتماعی از نوع لمسی آن رخ داده که برآمده از نوعی متلک است .

ایمانی می‌گوید: گاهی مردان با نگاه خود زنان را تعقیب کرده و یکزن سنگینی این نگاه را حس کرده که این سایه نگاه بسیارناخوشایندتر از کلماتی  که ممکن است مرد به زبان بیاورد که این نوعرفتارها منجر به خشم و حس تنفر نسبت به جنس مرد و احساس عدمامنیت در جامعه در وجود زن می‌شود.

مورد ازار قرار گرفتن ۷۸ درصد زنان پایتخت

وی ابراز می‌کند: طی تحقیقاتی که بین زنان جامعه ایران بین زنان۱۸ سال تا ۵۰ انجام شد درصد بسیار بالایی از زنان مورد انواع آزار وخشونت اجتماعی قرار گرفته و حدود ۷۸ درصد زنان تجربه این مزاحمترا داشته که موجب هتک حرمت و آسیب‌های شدید اجتماعی زنان ودختران در جامعه می‌شود.

تبعات این مزاحمت‌های اجتماعی چگونه در جامعه نمایان‌گر می‌شود؟

وی تصریح می‌کند:  دختران و زنان ما پس از مدتی در صورت تکرارچنین رفتارهایی از حضور در اجتماع امتناع کرده و از جنس مرد کهباید حامی و پناهگاه امن او باشد به شدت منزجر و فراری می‌شود.

حمایت خانواده از زنان

ایمانی ادامه می‌دهد: جامعه ما باید به سمتی رفته که زن بدون هیچترس و خجالتی این مسائل را برای مردان زندگی خود بازگو کند امابخاطر بسته بودن فرهنگ جامعه و نیز واکنش مردان نسبت به اینمزاحمت‌ها زنان سکوت را انتخاب کرده و یا در صورت بازگو کردنیبسیاری از حوادث را سانسور می‌کند.

وی ابراز می‌کند:  زنان ما در وهله اول از سمت مردان جامعه مورد خشونتو مزاحمت اجتماعی قرار گرفته و در مرحله بعد دختران و زنان ما جراتبازگویی این خشونت‌ها را برای محارم خود نداشته که این سبب تشدیدناامنی و تنفر نسبت به مرد و هم‌چنین احساس تبعیض جنسیتی درآنان می‌‌شود.

واکاوی علل متلک‌گویی

ایمانی می‌گوید: تحقیر کردن جنس زن یکی از علل متلک‌پرانیمردان بوده تا از این طریق موفقیت‌های اجتماعی زن را کوچک شمردهو اورا تخریب کنند.

ایمانی یکی دیگر از علل متلک‌پرانی را این‌گونه توضیح می‌دهد: گاهی پسران و مردانی که در جامعه مورد اقبال نبوده ربا بیان اینکلمات به زنان در جهت مقبولیت و ابراز جسارت بین هم‌جنسان خودمی‌کوشد.

ایمانی با اشاره به حقارت‌ها و ناراحتی‌های درونی برخی از مردان بهعنوان علت متلک‌پرانی مطرح می‌کند: خیلی از این افراد که در درونخانواده الفاظ تحقیرامیزی شنیده و در جامعه و خانواده موردمقبولیت واقع نشده و به این روش خشم خود را در جامعه نشان داده کهاغلب خود از این احساسات درونی بیخبر است.

واکنش دختران به متلک‌پرانی

وی پاسخ می‌دهد: قانون از زنان و دختران ما حمایت کرده و طبق قانونکسی که به هر طریقی برای زنان و دختران مزاحمت ایجاد کند مجرمشناخته شده و با او برخورد می‌شود.

برابری دختران و پسران در آزادی اجتماعی

ایمانی می‌گوید: خانواده‌ها باید اصل  حمایت از زنان و دختران خودرا پذیرفته و به جای برخورد با زنان خود و ایراد گرفتن از ظاهر و رفتارآنان با فرد خاطی برخورد کنیم.

وی تاکید می‌کند: که به جای برخورد با حجاب و نوع پوشش زنان خودباید با رفتار نامناسب پسر برخورد کنیم چرا که زنان به مانند مردان حقانتخاب نوع حجاب خود و پوشش خود در چارچوب فرهنگ عموم جامعهدارد.

ایمانی عنوان می‌کند : ما باید این رفتار پسران جامعه را اصلاح کردهو به او بقبولانیم که زن آرایش کرده و او موی دارد،زن لطیف بوده ومملو از زیبایی است و حق بروز و حضور در جامعه داشته و باید برایزنان احترام قائل شود.

وی ادامه می‌دهد: به سبب سکوت زنان در برابر این برخورد از سمتمردان و عدم حمایت جامعه از زنان این رفتار تشدید شده  و مرد بایدبپذیرد که برای زن نیز در جامعه آزادی تعریف شده است.

واکاوی متلک‌پرانی از نگاه قانون

در ادامه عضو هییت علمی دانشگاه آزاد مشهد در خصوص جرم‌انگاریمتلک پرانی می‌گوید: در قانون مجازات اسلامی هر کس که در محافل وانظار عمومی متعرض به حقوق زنی شود مجرم شناخته می‌شود.

عباس شیخ‌الاسلامی تصریح می‌کند: اگر فرد ضمن متلک‌پرانبی ازالفاط رکیک و تهدیدآمیزی استفاده کند علاوه بر مزاحمت اجتماعیمرتکب جرم دیگری شده و با او برخورد قضایی می‌شود.

وی اظهار می‌کند: طبق ماده ۶۰۸ قانون اساسی توهین به افراد از قبیلفحاشی و استعمال الفاظ رکیک چنانچه موجب حد قذف نباشد بهمجازات شلاق تا (۷۴) ضربه و یا پنجاه هزار تا یک میلیون ریالجزای نقدی خواهد بود.

شیخ‌الاسلامی توضیح می‌دهد: علاوه برآن طبق قانون اساسی ماده۶۱۹ هر کس در اماکن عمومی یا معابر متعرض یا مزاحم اطفال یا زنانبشود یا با الفاظ و حرکات مخالف شؤون و حیثیت به آنان توهیننماید به حبس از دو تا شش ماه و تا (۷۴) ضربه شلاق محکوم خواهدشد.

آسیب‌شناسی متلک‌پرانی

یک رفتار شناس اجتماعی نیز می‌گوید: بسیاری از ما با آزارهایکلامی به عنوان  یکی از اسیب‌هایی  که در خیابان‌ها و معابر اتفاقافتاده با آن مواجه بودیم.

مجید ابهری می‌افزاید: متلک از نظر رفتاری عبارت است از به کار بردنعبارات غیر اخلاقی در قالب فحاشی و بدکلامی و درخواست شماره تلفنو به کار بردن کلماتی که موجب آزار روحی بانوان می‌گردد.

وی تصریح می‌کند: این آسیب در تمام دنیا به اشکال مختلفی انجامشده و فقط منحصر به جامعه مانبوده اما در ایران که مفتخر به قوانیناسلامی و ضوابط اخلاقی هستیم این‌گونه رفتارها موجب خدشه دارشدن روان زنان که نیمی از افراد کشور را تشکیل داده می‌شود.

ابهری بیان می‌کند: متاسفانه گاهی  متلک‌گویی تاجایی ادامه پیداکرده که زنان جامعه دچار خشم شده و پاسخ فرد را داده و وارد یکگفت‌وگوی تشنج آمیز می‌شود.

وی عنوان می‌کند: بهترین واکنش به متلک‌گویی سکوت و بی اعتنایی و درصورت تداوم مراجعه به پلیس و نیروهای انتظامی کند و به علتگسترش فضای مجازی  و افزایش به کار بردن این الفاظ در این فضاشاهد شیوع این رفتار در سطح جامعه هستیم.

ابهری یاداور می‌شود: در دهه ۴۰ اگر مردی به بانویی متلک گفته ازسمت دیگران مردان شماتت شده و گاها با هم به خاطر این رفتارنادرست گلاویز شده که فارغ از درست یا نادرستی این گلاویزی ،برخورد دیگر مردان با کسانی که به متلک‌پرانی مشعول هستند مانعشیوع این رفتار در سطح جامعه می‌شود.

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