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مجسمه سازی یکی از کهن ترین هنرهای بشر است که اتفاقا در ایران هم قدمتی چند هزار ساله دارد. شاید مجسمه سازی یکی از حرفه‌هایی باشد که از اولین مقوله‌هایی است که به عنوان یک هنر در بین انسان‌ها پذیرفته شده و رسمیت پیدا کرده است و تا اکنون هم به عنوان یک هنر متعالی و محترم در بین مردم هوادار و علاقمند دارد.

«مرتضی فریزی کرمانی» متولد۱۳۵۵ مشهد، کارشناس عمران، با 22 سال سابقه کاری اجرایی  از سال ۷۵ به مجسمه سازی علاقمند شده و در کنار اجرا پروژه‌های اجرایی به یادگیری این هنر پرداخته است. سال ۱۳۷۷ اولین نمایشگاه انفرادی اش را در فرهنگسرای اندیشه تهران برگزار کرده و تا سال ۱۳۹۰بصورت خودآموز به یادگیری و تمرین پرداخته است. او در سال۱۳۹۰ عازم روسیه شده و در مدت اقامت با تعدادی  از مجسمه سازان آشنا شده و با بررسی آثار آن کشور در مراجعت از روسیه  بصورت حرفه ای مشغول کار شده است. با این هنرمند خراسانی گفتگویی انجام داده ایم که در ادامه آمده است.

 

احساس شما از این که در رشته مجسمه سازی وقت کذاشتید و فعالیت دارید چیست؟.

 

مجسمه سازی بواسطه داشتن سه بعد و تجسمی بودنش بیشتر از سایر رشته‌ها مرا به خود جذب کرد به همین خاطر این رشته را انتخاب کردم ضمن اینکه دیدم این رشته از هنر در ایران نسبت به خیلی از کشورها غریبه مانده و در کشورمان کمتر آثار فاخری وجود دارد و از بزرگان اجتماعی و شغلی و تاریخی و هنری و … بصورت مجسمه و سردیس تجلیل نمی‌شود و در معرض دید قرار نمی‌گیرد تا هم یادی از این بزرگان شود و هم راه و روش این افراد الگوی جوانان قرار گیرد و مردم با تاریخ و مشاهیرشان آشنا تر شوند. تاثیری که دیدن یک مجسمه در افراد ایجاد می‌کند هم بیننده را به مطالعه درباره شخصیت و کاری که این شخص انجام داده یا صفت بارزی مثل رشادت و شجاعت در دفاع از کشورش انجام داده علاقمند می‌کند و هم به هنر نزدیک تر می‌شود و هم زیبایی بصری باعث آرامشش شده و تنشهای زندگی روزمره را با دیدن زیبایی از او می‌گیرد.

 

پس احتمالا به همین سبب است که  در میان شاخه‌های مجسمه سازی پرتره را انتخاب کردید؟.

 

پرتره بواسطه ارتباط بصری بیشتر و عمقی که در نشان دادن احساسات ایجاد می‌کند بیشتر جذبم کرد. ما انسانها هر روز با نگاه کردن به چهره هم متوجه شادی و غم و امید و سایر احساسات درونی خودمان و اطرافیانمان می‌شویم. عزیزانمان را با توجه به خطوط چهره شان می‌شناسیم و بخاطر می‌آوریم و متوجه‌ احساسشان می‌شویم. پرتره دریچه ای به درون احساسات انسانهاست. همانطور که فیگور  زبان بدن است پرتره هم احساسات انسان است و می‌شود با دیدن پرتره آرامش، بزرگی، صبر، تحمل، قدرت و درد را دید و شناخت و درک کرد و به شناخت خوبی از خود و احساس جامعه رسید.

 

چقدر مهم است که بزرگان ایران در قالب آثار هنری مثل مجسمه، جاودانه و ماندگارشوند؟

 

تجلیل از بزرگان مخصوص هنرمندان نیست، هرکسی با هر شغلی که کار خودش را به بهترین وجه انجام بدهد و جزو بهترین‌های شغل خودش باشد باید مورد تجلیل قرار بگیرد، چه پزشک باشد، چه سرباز، چه هنرمند، چه نویسنده، چه یک انسان فداکار و چه یک کفاش. مهم این است که هر کسی کاری را که  به عهده دارد به نحو احسن انجام بدهد و بهترین شغلش باشد. به نظرم یک کارگر خوب و با وجدان بهتر از یک نویسنده یا هنرمند یا پزشک بد است. جامعه مجموعه ای از مشاغل مختلف و ضروری است. مرد و زن هم ندارد. زنان و مادران بزرگی داریم که از آنها باید تجلیل شود، باید رفتارشان الگو قرار بگیرد تا در آینده شاهد بوجود آمدن بزرگان و الگوهای دیگر در کشور باشیم.

 

مجسمه ساز در رشته‌های گوناگون؛ به متریال و مواد اولیه کار، باید چگونه نگاهی داشته باشد؟

 

متریال مجسمه سازی به چند عامل و فاکتور بستگی دارد، اول اینکه متریال بتواند بیانگر احساسات مجسمه ساز باشد و بتواند منظور و احساس مجسمه ساز و به نمایش بگذارد، دوم اینکه محل قرار گیری مجسمه کجاست و تحت چه شرایط جوی قرار می‌گیرد، سوم اینکه مصالح موجود هر اقلیمی متفاوت است. بطور مثال در ایتالیا سنگ مرغوب، در روسیه و کانادا چوب ، در ایران خاک رس .ترکیب و بررسی همه این عوامل باعث می‌شود از مصالح مختلف استفاده شود و در نهایت با توجه به محل قرار گیری مجسمه مثل منزل یا فضای باز شهری یا موزه یا نگارخانه به انواع مجسمه‌های سفالی، برنزی،چوبی، سنگی، مومی ، فایبر گلاس یا … تبدیل شود

 

جایگاه خراسان دیروز و امروز در هنر مجسمه سازی چگونه است؟

 

بفرمایید خراسان در کدام زمینه ادبی و فرهنگی و هنری و مذهبی و علمی و مالی و معنوی جایگاه ندارد. خاک هنرپرور خراسان ، حال در هر زمینه ای که باشد، دارای جایگاه ویژه ای است. در زمینه مجسمه سازی هم به نظرم خراسان رتبه اول یا دوم کشور را دارد. ایران مجسمه ساز خوب و بزرگ زیاد دارد چه در تهران و چه در کردستان و چه در تبریز و چه در کرمان و چه سایر شهرها.

 

کلام آخر

 

کلام آخر این که متولیان هنر متاسفانه نه تنها دنبال شناسایی یا ترغیب هنرمندان مجسمه ساز نیستند بلکه در قالب کارفرما فقط دنبال کارهای ارزان و بی دوام و موقتی هستند و اکثر کارهای ساخته شده به علت سوء مدیریت، یکسال مصرف و غیر قابل استفاده برای بلند مدت هستند. ای کاش با کارشناسی و دوراندیشی، کارهایی را سفارش ساخت می‌دادند که قابل استفاده برای چند دهه بود نه یک بار مصرف. متاسفانه بیشتر هنرمندان 9ماه از سال را بدون سفارش و بیکار هستند و این درحالی است که برای طرح استقبال از بهار به یکباره در دوماه آخر سال ترافیکی از سفارش به وجود می‌آید که خود این کار سفارش دادن‌ها و سفارش قبول کردن‌ها حدیث مفصلی دارد. واقعا این گونه است که اگر عشق به کار و مردم نبود ریشه هنر می‌خشکید و هنرمندان دچار یک حس سرخوردگی بودند.

 

 

محمدرضا سرسالاری

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