پاتوقی جدید برای کتاببازهای مشهدی
عبدالله کوثری گفت: متاسفانه طبقه متوسط امروز جامعه ما نه تنها کتابخوان نیستند بلکه به تمام معنا فرهنگگریز است.
این نویسنده و مترجم اظهار کرد: در سخنرانی که در آیین گشایش کتاب فروشی پردیس کتاب داشتم بیان کردم که شمعی در مشهد روشن شده و افتتاح این کافه کتاب جدید نیز شمع دیگری است که در این شهر فروزان شده است.
وی افزود: یکی از بلاهای جامعه امروز بیتوجهی نسبت به کتاب است. در گذشته کتاب در دسترس افراد نبوده، اما در دوره جدید با وجود سهولت در دسترسی و چاپ کتاب بازهم ما جماعت بیکتابی هستیم.
کوثری ادامه داد: اکثریت جامعه ما را جوانها تشکیل دادهاند و بسیار زننده است که با وجود این همه دانشگاه، جوانان ما کتابخوان نیسنند. درواقع تیراژ کتابها نمایانگرعدماقبال افراد برای کتابخوانی است. برخی اعتقاد دارند این عدم توجه به کتابخوانی بهدلیل نبود تنوع کتاب در بازار ایران است حال آنکه بازار کتاب ایران در حد خود همه نوع کتاب دارد. کتابهایی در حوزههای گوناگون تاریخ، جغرافیا، رمان و…پس مساله ما کتاب نخواندن و عدم اقبال به کتاب است.
این نویسنده و مترجم با بیان اینکه یکی از ویژگیهای طبقه متوسط در هر جامعهای فرهنگی بودن است، خاطرنشان کرد: در کشورهای اروپایی این طبقه بورژوا بود که هنر اروپا، فلسفه، نقاشی و … زنده نگه داشت. درواقع این بورژوازی متوسط، سازنده فرهنگ غرب بوده است.
وی تصریح کرد: متاسفانه طبقه متوسط امروز جامعه ما نه تنها کتابخوان نیستند بلکه به تمام معنا فرهنگگریز است. در این شرایط راهاندازی کتابفروشیهایی با زیربنای بسیار نیاز به شجاعت دارد، درواقع اگر متولیان این کتابفروشیها هر کار دیگری انجام دهند درآمد بیشتری خواهند داشت. کتابفروشی و فعالیت در حوزه کتاب در این مملکت به آن رونقی که بایست، نخواهد رسید و دلیل آن وجود سانسور است که همه چیز را از بین میبرد. هرچند باید بپذیریم که سانسور تنها دلیل بیتوجهی به کتاب نیست، بلکه ما خودمان مشکل داریم.
این نویسنده بیان کرد: مشهد شهر بزرگی است و بیش از این برای کتاب و مراکز فرهنگی ظرفیت دارد. راهاندازی برخی از این مراکز فرهنگی، کار بخش خصوصی نیست، هر چند که فعالیت بخش خصوصی در این زمینه بسیار ارزشمند است درواقع نیاز است که بخش خصوصی توان و شجاعت لازم را برای ورود به این این عرصه داسته باشد، اما زمانی که توان لازم را ندارد شهرداریها باید این کار را انجام دهند.
کوثری با اشاره به این موضوع که مشهد شهری فاقد نشاط است، گفت: مشهد دارای یکی از قدیمیترین دانشگاههای کشور است و دانشجویان بسیاری در این شهر تحصیل میکنند، اما با این همه شهر بینشاطی است. برای نمونه نشاطی که در شیراز وجود دارد در مشهد نیست. مشهد هم ثروت دارد و هم جوان. باید بدانیم که بخشی از این عدم نشاط مربوط به خود مردم است. اگرچه که مشکلات دیگری نیز در شهر وجود دارد که مردم در آن درخالتی ندارند.
ادبیات ما تصویری کج و کوله از انسان ایرانی ارائه میدهد
سوسن شریعتی گفت: معتقدم حتی اگر ادبیات ایرانی تصویر کج و کولهای از ما ارائه میدهد، حداقل بضاعت ما را روشن میکند و برای این خودآگاهی، خواندن ادبیاتمان ضروری است.
وی اظهار کرد: مطمئن هستم به دو دلیل دعوت شدم؛ یک اینکه بچه مشهدم و دیگر اینکه فرزند شریعتی. ممکن است بگویید این موارد چه ربطی به این ماجرا دارد و توجیه مشروعی برای حضور در اینجا نیست اما به نظرم آمد اتفاقا خیلی دو موقعیت جالبی است. شریعتی جزو چهرههایی است که این دو وضعیت یا این دو تهدید را یعنی مشهد به مثابه تهدید و شریعتی بودن به مثابه تهدید را به یمن ادبیات به فرصت تبدیل میکند.
شریعتی ادامه داد: شریعتی کسی است که امروزه کویریاتش جزو نوشتههای پرخواننده او است و این نوشتهها که جهان شمولترین یا بیربطترین به انسانِ هماکنون و همینجاست، اتفاقا در مشهد نوشته شده است. کویر در سال ۴۸ در انتشارات توس و در مشهد درآمد و ما میبینیم که زیبایی و ارزش آن در این است که توانست محدودیتی را بهنام مکان یک شهر مذهبی به مثابه تهدید و در عین حال مشهدِ مهد ادبیات را به فرصت تبدیل کند. در کنار آن فرزند استاد محمدتقی شریعتی بودن را هم توانست به فرصت تبدیل کند نه برای خلق کلماتی یا پرداختن به حوزهای که حوزه خاص مثلا نوعی از روشنفکری دینی است؛ کویر جایی است که یک، سومی سر میزند و نوشتههای کویری شریعتی به این دلیل است. بنابراین فرزند شریعتی بودن و بچه مشهد بودن توجیه خوبی برای حضور در این جلسه است.
این روزنامهنگار ضمن اشاره به افتتاح مجموعه فرهنگی نشر چشمه در مشهد گفت: چنین فرصتهایی میتواند زمینه ساز پیداکردن این فرصتها و وصل کردن یا ایجاد چنین ربطهایی بین محدودیتهای ما و بدل ساختن آنها به فرصت باشد.
شریعتی یادآور شد: به این دلیل حضور در این جلسه را پذیرفتم که قرار نیست در مورد شریعتی صحبت کنیم و این جزو نادر دفعاتی است که چنین اتفاقی رخ میدهد. دلیل دوم این است که به طور کلی باید ما به دنبال چنین فرصت هایی باشیم. هرگونه دعوت به خروج از خانه را باید غنیمت بشماریم؛ یعنی هر فضایی که اسمش تقویت عرصه عمومی و خلق فضاهایی است که همنشینی در آن ممکن باشد.
بودن یا نبودن یک کتابفروشی از بسیاری کشورگشاییها برایم مهمتر است
مدیر انتشارات چشمه گفت: برای من بودن یا نبودن یک کتاب فروشی مهم تر از بسیاری تحولات، کشورگشاییها، مرگ و میرها و… است.
کاوه کیائیان اظهار کرد: نشر چشمه از سال ۶۳ فعالیت خود را آغاز کرد. کتاب، شغل پدری من بود من و برادرانم شغل پدر را ادامه دادیم و امیدوارم این کار تداوم داشته باشد.
وی ادامه داد: هنوز که هنوز است تاسیس و باز شدن کتابفروشی برای من یک اتفاق است و به طرز کودکانهای هنوز از رفتن به کتاب فروشی ذوق میکنم.
مدیر انتشارات چشمه ضمن اشاره به تعبیر شاعرانه «میلاد یکی کودک/ شکفتن گلی را ماند»، عنوان کرد: برای من امروز میلاد یک کتابفروشی است. انگار که به بوییدن گلی آمدیم؛ گلی کمیاب. به نوعی جهان ما همین است، ماجرای طوطی و ظرف شکرش است. این برای من بزگترین اتفاق جهان است. برای من بودن یا نبودن یک کتاب فروشی مهم تر از بسیاری تحولات، کشورگشاییها، مرگ و میرها و… است.
کیائیان تصریح کرد: چند سالی بود که در فکر توسعه نشر چشمه بودیم. در واقع «چشمهی دلشدگان» اولین نمایندگی است که ما داریم. از مردم مشهد میخواهم که این موضوع را به عنوان یک اتفاق که میتواند سطح فرهنگی شهر را بالاتر ببرد نگاه کنند. چند کتابفروشی خوب در مشهد داریم اما امیدوارم کتابفروشیهای دیگری هم باز شود.
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